日本碳汇能力分析与展望

Analysis and Prospects of Japan's Carbon Sequestration Capacity

日本固碳的主要手段有碳捕获、利用与储存(Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS)和生态系统固碳两大类。在CCUS领域,日本虽然起步时间较早,但是发展较慢,目前仅有苫小牧一个验证项目,其他项目基本都在预可研和初步试验阶段。尽管如此,CCUS碳汇能力增长潜力巨大,可以预见,在技术完善之后,相关产业将具有相当大的成长性。以森林和海洋为代表的生态系统具有较大规模的存量碳汇能力,虽然其成长性不如CCUS,但是如果保护和开发得当,也将在未来的碳汇领域发挥基础性作用。同时,随着产业化水平不断提高,木材、木质生物质、海藻等利用技术的不断提升,由CO_(2)转化而来的各种产品也将使得生产生活更加绿色和便利。中国可以借鉴日本在CCU商品化、木材使用、木质生物质利用等领域的思路和措施,结合国情探索一条具有中国特色的固碳产业化之路。

Japan's primary methods of carbon sequestration are CCUS and ecosystem carbon sequestration.Although Japan started early in the field of CCUS,it has developed slowly.Currently,there is only one verification project in Tomakomai,and other projects are in the pre-feasibility study and preliminary test stages.Nevertheless,CCUS has great potential for increasing carbon sequestration capacity.After the technology improved,relating industries are expected to have considerable growth potential.Ecosystems represented by forests and oceans have a large-scale stock of carbon sequestration capacity.Although their growth potential is not as good as CCUS,they will play a fundamental role in the field of carbon sequestration in the future if they are properly protected and developed.At the same time,with the continuous improvement of industrialization level,the utilization technologies of wood,biomass,seaweed,and other products transformed from CO_(2) will make production and life more green and convenient.China can learn from Japan's ideas and measures in the fields of CCU commercialization,wood utilization,biomass utilization,etc.,and explore a path of carbon sequestration industrialization with Chinese characteristics according to its national conditions.