2016—2022年甘肃省输入性疟疾流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022

目的分析甘肃省输入性疟疾流行特征,为巩固消除疟疾成果和制定输入性疟疾防控策略提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2016—2022年甘肃省输入性疟疾疫情数据和病例个案调查资料,采用描述流行病学方法对病例感染虫种、来源地、三间分布特征以及发病至初诊时间进行分析。结果2016—2022年甘肃省报告境外输入性疟疾病例97例,其中复发病例2例(2017年、2022年各1例),死亡病例1例(2017年);恶性疟67例(占69.07%),间日疟18例(占18.56%),卵形疟11例(占11.34%),混合感染1例(占1.03%,为恶性疟和三日疟混合感染)。输入性病例来源地主要为非洲(80例,占82.47%),其次为亚洲(10例,占10.31%)。每月均有病例报告,报告病例数较多的是1月、8月和9月,分别为13例、13例、12例,占总病例数的39.18%。报告病例的平均年龄为(36.7±10.1)岁,21~50岁87例(占89.69%);职业以工人为主(82例,占84.54%)。病例报告地以兰州市城关区最多(30例,占30.93%),病例现住址以金昌市金川区最多(8例,占8.25%)。病例发病至初诊间隔时间中位数为4.4(2.4,7.5)d,发病当天就诊15例(占15.46%),发病后1~2 d就诊22例(占22.68%),3~7 d就诊34例(占35.05%),>7 d就诊26例(占26.80%)。结论2016—2022年甘肃省疟疾病例均为境外输入病例,感染地以非洲为主,感染虫种主要为恶性疟原虫。提示甘肃省在疟疾消除后阶段,应加强对输入性疟疾的监测,提高诊断能力,巩固消除疟疾成果。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Gansu Province,so as to provide reference for consolidating the gains in malaria elimination and formulating the prevention and control strategies for imported malaria.Methods Malaria epidemiological data and individual case reported in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze statistical indicators,such as source of infection,infected species,monthly distribution,population distribution,regional distribution and diagnosis timeliness.Results Ninety-seven imported cases of malaria were reported in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022,including 2 cases of relapses(1 in 2017 and 1 in 2022)and 1 death in 2017.There were 67 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection(69.07%),18 P.vivax infection(18.56%),11 P.ovale infection(11.34%)and 1 mixed-infection(1.03%,caused by P.falciparum and P.malariae infection).The main source of imported cases was associated with African countries(80 cases,82.47%)and Asian countries(10 cases,10.31%).There are monthly case reports,with the highest number of reported cases occurring in January(13 cases),August(13 cases)and September(12 cases),which accounted for 39.18%of the totally reported cases.The average age of the reported cases was(36.7±10.1)years,and age group with the highest number of cases was 21-50 years old,accounting for 89.69%(87/97)of the total reported cases.The occupation was primarily involved in returned workers(82 cases,84.54%).The region with the most reported cases was Chengguan District,Lanzhou City(30 cases,30.93%).By current residence,the most reported cases were from Jinchuan District of Jinchang City(8 cases,8.25%).The median between onset and diagnosis was 4.4(2.4,7.5)days.Fifteen cases(15.46%)were treated on the day of onset,and 22 cases(22.68%)were treated within 1-2 days.Thirty-four cases(35.05%)underwent treatment within 3-7 days,and another 26 cases(26.80%)were treated more than 7 days after onset.Conclusion The malaria cases reported in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022 were imported from overseas,mostly from Africa,and the predominant species was Plasmodium falciparum.Our findings suggest that in the post elimination stage of malaria,Gansu Province should strengthen monitoring of imported malaria,improve diagnostic capabilities,and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.