水库建设对河流水文情势的影响分析

Analysis of the Impact of Reservoir Construction on the Hydrological Regime of Rivers

水库建设对河流水文情势有着重要影响,也关系着河流生态系统的正常运行。当前水库建设是实现水资源合理调配的重要途径,而水库建设也将引发河流水文情势改变,导致河流生态系统失衡。现阶段在水文改变度的研究还存在不足,主要体现在单独分析高流量与基流量,而整体性的分析难以体现水库建设对不同流量的影响,并且多数的研究没有分析对生态环境的影响。通过分析河流水文指标生态学,根据断流、基流量、高流量、退水率、涨水率等指标可以掌握水库建设前后水文指标变化,进而分析水库建设对河流水文情势和周边生态系统的影响,为后续制定生态系统改善措施提供支持。基于此,以黑泉水库为例,概述黑泉水库河流水文情势,进行坝址生态流量保障性分析,提出水库建设对河流水文情势的影响,希望给相关研究带来帮助。

Reservoir construction has an important impact on the hydrological regime of rivers and is also related to the normal operation of river ecosystems.At present,reservoir construction is an important way to achieve the rational allocation of water resources,and reservoir construction will also cause the changes of the hydrological regime of rivers,which may lead to imbalances in river ecosystems.At present,there are still shortcomings in the research on the degree of hydrological alteration,which are mainly reflected in the separate analysis of high flow and base flow,while overall analysis is difficult to reflect the impact of reservoir construction on different flows,and most studies have not analyzed the impact on the ecological environment.By analyzing the ecology of river hydrological indicators,according to indicators such as cutoff,base flow,high flow,retreat rate and rise rate,the changes of hydrological indicators before and after reservoir construction can be grasped,and then the impact of reservoir construction on the hydrological regime of rivers and surrounding ecosystems can be analyzed,so as to provide support for the subsequent formulation of improvement measures for ecosystems.Based on this,this article takes the Heiquan Reservoir as an example,summarizes the hydrological regime of water flow in the Heiquan Reservoir,then analyzes the ecological flow guarantee of the dam site,and proposes the impact of reservoir construction on the hydrological regime of rivers,hoping to provide help for relevant research.