外泌体在1型糖尿病中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus

1型糖尿病(T1DM)是以胰岛素绝对缺乏和慢性高血糖为主要特征的自身免疫性疾病,其具体的发病机制尚不清楚,现有的医疗方式对于治疗T1DM仍然有限。外泌体作为细胞间沟通交流的重要使者与T1DM的发生密切相关,有研究证实胰岛β细胞可因胰岛和免疫系统之间外泌体的双向运输而致胰岛素分泌功能受到干扰。并且外泌体可作为一种有前途的生物标志物用于评估T1DM及其并发症的发病风险和进展,监测胰岛移植后状态。此外,与可能引发胰岛功能紊乱的外泌体不同,一些间充质干细胞来源的外泌体可作为一些功能性分子和治疗药物的天然载体,在治疗T1DM及其并发症和维护移植胰岛功能方面发挥着重要作用。

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(TIDM)is an autoimmune disease characterized by absolute insulin deficiency and chronic hyperglycemia.Its specific pathogenesis is not clear and the existing medical treatment methods for TiDM are still limited.As the important messengers of intercellular communication,exosomes have been pointed out to be closely related to the occurrence of TIDM.Studies have confirmed the function of β cells in the islets of langerhans may be interfered by the bidirectional transport of exosomes between islets of langerhans and immune system.Exosomes can also be used as the promising biomarker tools to evaluate the risk and progression of TIDM and its complications,and monitor the status of islets of langerhans after transplantation.In addition,unlike the exosomes that may cause islets of langerhans dysfunction,some exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells can be used as natural carriers of some functional molecules and therapeutic drugs,and play an important role in treating TIDM and its complications and maintaining the function of transplanted islets.