美国留学生教育政策的价值取向:回溯、反思与展望

Value Orientation of International Student Education Policy of the United States:Retrospect,Reflection and Prospect

留学生教育政策的价值取向引领着留学生教育发展的基本走向,而社会文化价值观又深刻影响着留学生教育政策的价值取向。美国留学生教育政策的发展与美国例外论的形成与发展、“美国梦”与移民浪潮的冲击、以自由市场为核心的资本主义经济生产逻辑等都有着密不可分的联系。回顾二战后美国留学生教育政策的价值取向,并在此基础上进行深入反思,发现美国的留学生教育政策始终难以克服孤立主义的基因缺陷,政治化倾向凸显,对自由市场的推崇与迷信放大了留学生教育的经济功能。后疫情时期,美国留学生教育政策的价值取向发生转向,留学生教育政策以维护国家安全和知识产权为逻辑起点,以吸纳全球最优秀的高技术人才为核心目标,以助力经济复苏增长为实践进路。

The value orientation of international student education policy leads the way for the development of international student education,while social and cultural values deeply affect the value orientation of international student education policy.The development of international student education policy in the United States is inseparable from the formation and development of American exceptionalism,the impact of the“American Dream”and the wave of immigrants,as well as the logic of capitalist economic production with free market as the core.After an in⁃depth review and reflection on the value orientation of international student education policy of America since World War II,it is found that it has always been difficult for American education policy for international students to overcome its genetic defect of isolationism,that its politicization is prominent,and that its fetish of and blind belief in the free market have magnified the economic function of international education.In the post⁃epidemic period,the value orientation of American education policy for international students has changed.Its prerequisite is to safeguard national security and intellectual property rights.Its essential purpose is to attract the best high⁃tech talents in the world.Its practical approach lies in promoting economic recovery and growth.