基于栖息地适宜性指数模型及最大熵模型的弧边招潮蟹生境适宜性比较

Comparison of habitat suitability of fiddler crab(Uca arcuata)based on habitat suitability index model and maximum entropy model

为研究弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)生境适宜性及最适分析模型,基于2020年7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)及12月(冬季)对浙江省温州市沿浦湾秋茄林大型底栖动物和若干环境因子的调查,采用栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index,HSI)模型与最大熵(maximum entropy model,MaxEnt)模型对弧边招潮蟹生境适宜性进行比较。结果表明:采用HSI模型分析显示,各采样站位弧边招潮蟹的栖息地适宜性总体上呈现近岸段>中段>离岸段及东南部>西北部的空间分布特征,3个季节的栖息地适宜性两两之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),总体上呈现夏季>秋季>冬季的季节分布特征;采用MaxEnt模型分析显示,各采样站位弧边招潮蟹的栖息地适宜性总体上呈现近岸段>中段>离岸段及东南部>西北部的空间分布特征,并呈现秋季>夏季>冬季的季节分布特征。研究表明,HSI模型较MaxEnt模型更适宜用于弧边招潮蟹适生区的调查分析,温度、底质、地质和潮汐等是影响弧边招潮蟹分布的关键环境因子,硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和盐度等是影响弧边招潮蟹分布的关键理化因子,这些因子对弧边招潮蟹分布格局具有较强的驱动力,影响其适宜生境的选择。

For understanding of the habitat suitability and optimal analysis model of fiddler crab(Uca arcuata),key environment factors affecting changes in habitat suitability,and the predictive performance,scope and limitations of application of the two habitat suitability models including habitat suitability index(HSI)model and the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model were compared with a view to species classification of mangrove ecosystems based on the survey on mangrove macrobenthos and several environmental factors in Yanpu Bay(27.20°N,120.45°E)Wenzhou City,Zhejiang Province during July(summer),October(autumn)and December(winter)of 2020 to provide theoretical support for applied research on biodiversity conservation and scientific basis for ecological environment governance and decision-making.HSI model analysis showed that the descending order of the habitat suitability of the sampling stations was expressed as nearshore>middle>offshore section,with the southeast>the northwest in the spatial distribution,and significantly different habitat suitability in the three seasons(P<0.05),generally as summer>autumn>winter.The analysis of the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model revealed that the descending order of habitat suitability of the fiddler crab in each sampling site as nearshore>middle section>offshore section,the southeast>the northwest,and autumn>summer>winter in the seasonal distribution.The HSI model was shown to be more suitable for the investigation of the suitable area of the fiddler crab than the MaxEnt model being;temperature,bottom,geology and tide were the environmental factors affecting the distribution;nitrate,nitrite and salinity were the key physical and chemical factors affecting the distribution of the fiddler crab,which have a strong driving force for the distribution pattern and influence the choice of suitable habitat.