小儿体质状态现代研究

Modern Study on Physical Status in Children

由于小儿特殊的生理及病理特点,使得小儿易受外界环境、饮食、药物等因素的影响,小儿体质因此呈现出易感性、易变性和可塑性的特征,影响着疾病的发生、发展、预后和转归。正确认识并掌握小儿有别于成人的体质特点,对于指导儿童保健,促进小儿生长发育,保持小儿整体健康、主动健康,让孩子不生病、少生病、生小病以及提升疾病院前处理适宜技术方面,具有非常重要的意义。因此文章回顾了小儿体质学说从20世纪80年代末至今的研究脉络,总结了各家学说中关于小儿体质分型的标准和依据,探究了小儿体质的易感疾病,并从饮食、睡眠、运动及药物4个方面阐述了小儿体质的调治方法。文章旨在理清小儿体质状态的研究现况,对小儿体质分型、易感疾病及临床调治的研究成果进行归纳总结,并对小儿体质研究中存在的问题进行思考和展望,希望未来能够为小儿体质的深入研究提供一些参考。

Due to the special physiological and pathological characteristics,children are vulnerable to the external environment,diet,drugs and other factors,and children's physique therefore presents the characteristics of susceptibility,degeneration and plasticity,affecting the occurrence,development,prognosis and outcome of the disease.Correctly understanding and mastering the physical characteristics of children different from adults is of great significance to guiding children's health care,promoting the growth and development of children,maintaining the overall health of children and active health,so that children do not get sick or have less and slight diseases and the appropriate technology for pre-hospital treatment of diseases can be improved.Therefore,this paper reviewed the research context of children's constitution theory from the late 1980s,summarized the standards and basis of children's constitution classification in various theories,explored the susceptible diseases of children's constitution,and expounded the treatment methods of children's constitution from four aspects including diet,sleep,exercise and medicine.This paper aimed to clarify the current situation of children's physical condition,summarize the research results of children's physical classification,susceptible diseases and clinical treatment,and think and prospect the problems in children's physical condition research,hoping to provide some reference for the in-depth study of children's physical fitness in the future.