我国老年读者权利保障政策研究

The Rights Protection Policy of Elderly Readers in China

保障老年读者权利是“十四五”时期我国积极应对人口老龄化、满足广大老年群众精神文化需求的重要举措。为了解我国老年读者权利保障政策现状,本文从政策工具视角出发,构建“政策工具—老年读者权利要素—政策参与主体”三维分析框架,对2012—2022年间我国发布的81份政策样本进行文本分析。结果显示,当前我国老年读者权利保障政策以指导、规划类政策为主,政策体系结构有待完善;政策工具使用偏向于供给型政策工具,环境型和需求型政策工具使用比重偏低;老年读者权利要素偏重于使用权保护,其他权利要素保障较弱;政策参与主体以政府主导为主,多元主体共同参与协同保障老年读者权利的格局尚待形成。为此,应构建“1+N”的老年读者权利保障政策体系,打好政策工具应用的“组合拳”,注重老年读者各方面权利的均衡保障,激发政策多元参与主体的积极性,提升政策整体保障水平。

During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China's population has been ageing rapidly.Protecting the rights of elderly readers can not only deal with the aging of the population actively but also meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly.In order to understand the government policy's actuality of protecting the rights of elderly readers in China,this paper establishes a three-dimensional analysis framework of"policy toolselements of elderly readers'rightspolicy participants"from the perspective of policy tools.By using the content analysis method to analyze the 81 policy samples published from 2012 to 2022,this paper summarizes the policy characteristics of protecting the elderly readers'rights in China.Firstly,in the policy structures,the current policies that protect the rights of elderly readers in China are mainly guiding and planning policies,which provide the foundation and indicate the direction for protecting the elderly readers'rights in details.Secondly,policy tools concerning the supply,environment,and demand are not balanced,and the combination and collocation of various policy tools are uneven;supply policy tools account for the largest proportion,meanwhile,and there is a large gap in the distribution of environmental policy tools and demand policy tools.Thirdly,in terms of elements of elderly readers'rights,there are obvious differences in the frequency of response to different rights of elderly readers,and the policies primarily focus on protecting the right of use for elderly readers,however,the protection of other elements of elderly readers'rights is relatively weak.Finally,in terms of policy participants,the government is the dominant force at present and the situation that multi-subjects participate in the protecting of elderly readers'rights has not formed.Consequently,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:1)build a"1+N"policy system to promote concerted efforts in protecting the rights of elderly readers;2)strengthen the coordination of policy tools;3)improve the overall level of policy guarantee and establish the all-round policy system of protection the elderly readers'rights;4)stimulate the enthusiasm of multi-subjects and appeal them to participate in the protection of elderly readers'rights.