2015年中国75岁及以上老年人能量和宏量营养素摄入状况

Energy and macronutrients intake of the elderly aged 75 years and above in China in 2015

目的了解中国75岁及以上老年人能量和宏量营养素摄入状况。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2015年在31个省(自治区、直辖市)298个监测点,抽取3368名75岁及以上老年人进行膳食调查,采用调味品称重法和3天24小时膳食回顾方法收集居民膳食数据,分析其能量和宏量营养素摄入状况。结果3368名老年人中,男性1727人,女性1641人;城市1511人,农村1857人;75~79岁1956人,≥80岁1412人。平均能量摄入(1601.0±473.4)kcal,碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪平均摄入量分别为(219.6±76.6)、(48.2±18.6)和(60.2±31.5)g,碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪供能比分别为54.9%、12.0%和33.1%;城市老年人碳水化合物摄入量及其供能比[(200.0±74.0)g和51.8%]显著低于农村[(235.5±75.0)g和57.4%],城市老年人蛋白质、脂肪摄入量及其供能比[蛋白质(50.2±18.9)g和13.0%;脂肪(61.2±30.2)g和35.2%]显著高于农村[蛋白质(46.5±18.2)g和11.2%;脂肪(59.4±32.5)g和31.4%]。依据中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量标准,仅28.1%的75岁及以上老年人能量达到推荐值,71.9%的老年人未摄入足够的能量;蛋白质摄入不足的比例为72.2%,城市为68.5%,农村为75.2%;脂肪供能比超过30%的人数比例为58.5%,其中脂肪供能比超出30%的比例城市为65.3%,农村为52.9%。结论2015年中国75岁及以上老年人能量摄入不足,蛋白质摄入偏低,脂肪供能比过高,膳食结构呈现不合理的状态。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the intake of energy and macronutrients in the elderly aged 75 years and above in China.METHODS The data was sourced from the China National Chronic Non-communicable Disease and Nutrition Surveillance,which adopted a multi-stage stratified clustered random sampling method and selected 298 monitoring points from 31 provinces across the country to carry out chronic non-communicable disease and nutrition surveillance of Chinese adults.The condiments weighting method and 3-day 24-hour dietary review method were used to collect dietary data for residents.Based on the dietary survey result of 3368 elderly people aged 75 years and above in the surveillance,the intake of energy and macro nutrients of elderly people was analyzed.RESULTS Among the elderly aged 75 years and above included in the analysis,there were 1727 males and 1641 females,1511 people in urban areas and 1857 people in rural areas,1956 people aged 75-79,1412 people aged≥80.The average energy intake of the elderly aged 75 years and above in China was(1601.0±473.4)kcal,and the average intakes of carbohydrate,protein and fat were(219.6±76.6)g,(48.2±18.6)g and(60.2±31.5)g,respectively.The energy supply ratios of carbohydrate,protein and fat were 54.9%,12.0%and 33.1%respectively.The carbohydrate intake and its energy supply ratio of the urban elderly((200.0±74.0)g and 51.8%)were significantly lower than those of the rural elderly((235.5±75.0)and 57.4%),while the protein intake and its energy supply ratio((50.2±18.9)g and 13.0%),fat intake and its energy supply ratio((61.2±30.2)g and 35.2%)of the urban elderly were significantly higher than those of the rural elderly((46.5±18.2)g and 11.2%for protein,and(59.4±32.5)g and 31.4%for fat).According to Chinese dietary reference intake standard,only 28.1%of the elderly aged 75 and above reached the recommended value of energy,71.9%of the elderly did not take enough energy,the proportion of insufficient protein intake was 72.2%,68.5%in urban areas and 75.2%in rural areas,the proportion of people with fat to energy ratio more than 30%was 58.5%,65.3%in urban areas and 52.9%in rural areas.CONCLUSION The energy intake of the elderly aged 75 years and above in China was insufficient,the protein intake was low,the fat to energy ratio was too high,and the dietary structure was unreasonable.