2015—2019年淮河流域某地区饮用水中重金属及类金属健康风险评价

Health risk assessment of heavy metals and metalloid in drinking water in a region of Huaihe River Basin from 2015 to 2019

目的评估淮河流域某地区饮用水中重金属及类金属元素经口摄入途径的慢性健康风险。方法收集2015—2019年该地区饮用水中7种重金属及类金属元素(Hg、As、Pb、Ni、Mn、Cr6+和Cd)的监测数据,利用经典“四步法”健康风险评价模型评估该地区饮用水中重金属及类金属的健康风险。结果2015—2019年该地区饮用水中Hg、As、Pb、Ni、Mn、Cr6+和Cd的平均浓度分别为(0.13±0.45)、(0.49±0.49)、(0.34±0.99)、(1.10±2.49)、(32.29±126.64)、(2.13±0.50)和(0.03±0.04)μg/L,其中Hg、Mn和Ni存在超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)限值情况,超标率分别为2.14%、6.79%和0.3%,最大超标倍数分别为2.61、8.90和0.34倍。Hg、As、Pb、Ni、Mn、Cr6+和Cd慢性非致癌风险分别为1.32×10-2、4.99×10-2、2.97×10-3、1.68×10-3、7.04×10-3、2.17×10-2和1.83×10-3。As、Pb、Cr6+和Cd的致癌风险分别为2.24×10-5、8.82×10-8、3.25×10-5和5.86×10-7。结论2015—2019年该地区饮用水中Hg、Mn和Ni存在超标现象。Hg、As等7种重金属及类金属的慢性非致癌风险处于可接受水平(HQ≤1),As、Cr6+有一定的致癌风险(10-6≤CR≤10-4)。

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the chronic health risk of heavy metals and metalloid in drinking water through oral ingestion in a typical area.METHODS Monitoring data of seven heavy metals and metalloid elements(Hg,As,Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr~(6+)and Cd)in drinking water in a typical area of Huaihe River Basin were collected from 2015 to 2019.The health risks of heavy metals and metalloid in drinking water in the area were assessed using the classic four-step health risk assessment model.RESULTS The average concentrations of Hg,As,Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr~(6+)and Cd in drinking water in the typical area of Huaihe River Basin were(0.13±0.45),(0.49±0.49),(0.34±0.99),(1.10±2.49),(32.29±126.64),(2.13±0.50)and(0.03±0.04)μg/L,respectively.In which,Hg,Mn and Ni exceeded the limit of the Standard for Drinking Water(GB 5749—2006),the exceedance rates were 2.14%,6.79%and 0.3%,respectively,and the maximum exceedance times were 2.61,8.90 and 0.34,respectively.The chronic non-carcinogenic risks of Hg,As,Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr~(6+)and Cd were 1.32×10~(-2),4.99×10~(-2),2.97×10~(-3),1.68×10~(-3),7.04×10~(-3),2.17×10~(-2)and 1.83×10~(-3),respectively.The carcinogenic risks of As,Pb,Cr~(6+)and Cd were 2.24×10~(-5),8.82×10~(-8),3.25×10~(-5)and 5.86×10~(-7),respectively.CONCLUSION Hg,Mn and Ni in drinking water exceeded the standard in a typical area of Huaihe River Basin from 2015 to 2019.The chronic non-carcinogenic risks of Hg,As and other 7 heavy metals and metalloid are at an acceptable level(HQ≤1),while As and Cr~(6+)have certain carcinogenic risks(10~(-6)≤CR≤10~(-4)).