花期追随的营养液动态调控对番茄生长发育的影响

Effects of Dynamic Regulation of Nutrient Solution During Flowering Period on Growth and Development of Tomato

以番茄品种“丰收(74-560)”为试材,跟随每穗花开时间调整营养液浓度,设置浓度降低20%(H1)、40%(H2)、60%(H3)3个处理,并以常规营养液浓度为对照(CK),研究了浓度调控对番茄生长、产量和品质的影响,以期调节番茄的生长发育平衡和提高番茄的综合效益。结果表明:H2处理的番茄株高最大,4~5穗花开时增长速率最大;低浓度调控推迟了SPAD峰值的出现,峰值出现前H2处理SPAD值最大。产量构成方面,H1处理主要是增加了中期果的单果质量和产量,且总产量提高17.26%;H2处理前期产量较高,但中后期因坐果数少而下降;H3处理则增加了中后期果的单果质量和产量。果实品质方面,早期果番茄红素含量约为中期果的1.58~1.92倍;维生素C含量中期果优于早期果,且H1处理逐渐变优。综合考虑产量和品质,早期果开花时,H2处理调控最优,相对接近度0.769;中期果开花时,H1处理调控最优,相对接近度0.998;后期开花时建议H3处理。花期追随的营养液动态调控有利于调节番茄养分吸收从而实现番茄生殖生长和营养生长的均衡管理。

The tomato variety‘Harvest(74-560)’was used as the experimental material,and the nutrient solution concentration was adjusted according to the flowering time of each ear,and the concentration was set to decrease by 20%(H1),40%(H2)and 60%(H3),and the concentration of conventional nutrient solution was used as the control(CK).The effects of concentration control on tomato growth,yield and quality were studied,in order to adjust the balance of tomato growth and development and improve the comprehensive benefit of tomato.The results showed that the plant height of tomato treated with H2was the highest,and the growth rate was the highest at the fourth to fifth ear.Low concentration regulation delayed the SPAD peak,and the SPAD value of H2treatment reached the maximum before the peak.In terms of yield composition,H1treatment mainly increased single fruit weight and yield of intermediate fruit,and total yield increased by 17.26%.The yield of H2treatment was higher in the early stage,but decreased in the middle and late stage due to fewer fruit sets.H3treatment increased the fruit weight and yield of middle and late fruit.In terms of fruit quality,lycopene content in early fruits was about 1.58-1.92times of that in middle fruits.The content of vitamin C in middle fruit was better than that in early fruit,and H1treatment gradually improved.Considering yield and quality,H2treatment had the best regulation at early flowering,with a relative proximity of 0.769.In the middle stage of fruit flowering,H1treatment had the best regulation,and the relative proximity was 0.998.H3treatment was recommended for late flowering.The dynamic control of nutrient solution during flowering period was beneficial to regulate the nutrient absorption of tomato so as to achieve balanced management of tomato reproductive growth and nutrient growth.