甜瓜雌花单性花自交系单交和三交杂种优势分析

Analysis of the Heterosis of Single-cross and Tri-cross Hybrid of Monoecious of Melon

以7份厚皮甜瓜材料为亲本,其中雌花单性花自交系为母本,采用不完全双列杂交的方法配制成6个单交种和30个三交种,对43份材料的植物生长特性和果实性状及品质进行测定,研究其超亲优势和超中优势,以期探究利用雌花单性花自交系配制的甜瓜单交种和三交种的杂种优势大小。结果表明:单交种的主要性状存在明显的杂种优势,三交种也存在杂种优势,但是优势不明显,而且单交种在果实方面的变异度低,三交种在植株生长势方面的变异度低。强优势组合有单交种12号M123×M112和三交种25号(M123×M113)×M141。

Seven thick-skinned melon materials were used as parents,of which the female unisexual flower autogamous line was the mother,and 6 single-crosses and 30 tri-crosses were formulated by incomplete biallelic hybridization,and the plant growth characteristics and fruit traits of 43 test materials were measured,and their super-parental and super-neutral dominance were studied,with a view to exploring the comparative hybrid dominance of the single-cross and tri-cross of melons formulated by the use of the female unisexual flower autogamous line.The results showed that the strong dominant combinations were No.12(M123×M112)and No.25((M123×M113)×M141).The main traits of the single-cross hybrid had an obvious heterozygous advantage,and the tri-cross hybrid had a heterozygous advantage,but the advantage was not significant,and the variability of the two was not very different.