上海市宝山区2013—2019年儿童青少年超重肥胖流行趋势分析

Trends of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019

目的了解上海市宝山区2013—2019年7~18岁儿童青少年超重肥胖流行情况,分析流行趋势,为有效防控提供依据。方法数据来源于上海市宝山区2013—2019年中小学生普查体检数据,共纳入533419名7~18岁儿童青少年,以中国《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T 586-2018)的体质量指数(BMI)参考值作为判定标准,计算不同性别、不同学段的超重率和肥胖率,分析儿童青少年超重肥胖变化趋势。结果2013年超重和肥胖率分别为16.37%和14.26%,随后两年略有下降,2016—2019年有所增长,至2019年超重和肥胖率分别为16.97%和16.50%。2013—2019年超重和肥胖率均呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=62.65、504.82,P<0.001),2017年定基比增长速度最快(超重:6.18%,肥胖:15.60%)。7年超重、肥胖平均增长速度分别为0.66%、2.29%。小学阶段肥胖率较高,初中阶段超重率突出,高中阶段超重率和肥胖率增速最快。结论2013—2019年上海市宝山区7~18岁儿童青少年超重率和肥胖率呈增长趋势,应积极采取综合防控措施,预防儿童青少年肥胖的发生及发展。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019,and to explore the variation trend,so as to provide a scientific foundation for effective prevention and control of overweight and obesity.Methods The physical examination census data of primary and middle school students from 2013 to 2019 were used,including a total of 533419 children and adolescents.The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated based on the Screening Standard for Overweight and Obesity of School-age Children and Adolescents(WS/T 586-2018).The variation trends of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents were analyzed.Results The rates of overweight and obesity were 16.37%and 14.26%respectively in 2013,followed by a slight decrease in the next two years and an increase from 2016 to 2019.In 2019,these rates reached to 16.97%for overweight and 16.50%for obesity.There was a significant upward trend in overweight and obesity rates from 2013 to 2019(χ^(2)_(trend)=62.65,504.82,P<0.001),with the fastest fixed-base ratio of growth rate in 2017(overweight:6.18%,obesity:15.60%).The average growth rate of overweight was 0.66%over the seven-year period,while this rate for obesity was 2.29%.Students in elementary school had a higher tendency to become obese,whereas those in middle school tended to be overweight.Additionally,the overweight and obesity rates increased at a faster pace in high school.Conclusion The increasing trend of overweight and obesity rates among students aged 7 to 18 in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 calls for comprehensive prevention and control measures to reduce the risk.