生物钟与注意缺陷多动障碍

Circadian clock and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

生物钟产生稳定的24h昼夜节律,在机体睡眠、注意、学习、记忆、认知等生理过程中起着至关重要的作用。注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是最常见的儿童神经发育障碍性疾病之一,近年来发现ADHD昼夜节律紊乱和睡眠问题较普遍,这又会反过来加重ADHD的症状。生物钟参与调节与ADHD密切相关的各种生理生化过程,其中包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、单胺能系统。本综述将涉及生物钟和这些过程之间的相互作用,并讨论它们在ADHD发展中的潜在作用。

The circadian clock produces a stable 24-hour circadian rhythm,which plays a crucial role in sleep,attention,learning,memory and cognition.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children.Circadian rhythm system dysfunction and sleep problems are found to be more common in ADHD compared to healthy children these years,which can worsen the symptoms of ADHD in turn.The circadian clock can regulate various physiological and biochemical processes related to ADHD,including hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis,monoaminergic neurotransmitter system.This review will address the interaction between circadian system and processes above as well as their potential role in the development of ADHD.