“莽撞”的一词多形、一形多词及语源考辨

A Study on the Polymorphic Words,Homograph and Etymology of Mangzhuang(莽撞)

产生于近代汉语的{莽撞}一词有诸多书写形式。{莽撞}有“莽撞”“莽壮”“忙壮”“莽戆”“戆”“赣”等书写形式,有“愚蠢”“鲁莽”“荒唐”等词义。词典{莽撞}词条下收录的表“强壮”义的“莽撞”,其实记录的是{莽壮}一词。也就是说,{莽撞}{莽壮}两词都可以用“莽撞”“莽壮”两种形式来记录。考察语源可知,{莽壮}是由表“大”“强壮”义的“莽”和“壮”组成的同义复词,而{莽撞}则是由表“愚蠢”义的“莽”(或“”)与“戆”组成的同义复词,后来引申出“鲁莽”义,又引申出“荒唐”义。

The word mangzhuang(莽撞)produced in modern Chinese has many writing forms.After combing the relationship between words and characters,it can be found that mangzhuang(莽撞)has many writing forms,such as“莽撞”,“莽壮”,“忙壮”,“莽戆”,“■戆”,“■赣”and so on.It has the meaning of‘stupid’,‘rash’,‘absurd’and so on.The meaning of‘strong’in the dictionary mangzhuang(莽撞)entries is recorded as mangzhuang(莽壮).That is to say,the words mangzhuang(莽撞),mangzhuang(莽壮)can be recorded in two forms:“莽撞”and“莽壮”.The study of etymology shows that mangzhuang(莽壮)is a synonymy compound composed of Mang(莽)and Zhuang(壮)with the meaning of‘big’and‘strong’,while mangzhuang(莽撞)is a synonymy compound composed of mang(莽)(or mang,■)and Zhuang(戆)with the meaning of‘foolish’,which later extends the meaning of‘rash’and‘absurd’.