甲骨文“四方神名与风名”释读补苴

Supplementary Proving on the Interpretation of Oracle Bone Inscriptions“Names of Gods and Winds in the Four Directions”

甲骨文四方神名和风名释读分歧众多,着眼中国古代命名理据(命名取象、命名取意)和造字构形构意理据(因象构形、因意构形)以及用字假借、词汇历时替换,爬梳古书古注,参酌80余年来的研究成果,补苴辨析《甲骨文合集》第14294号骨版的文字对应释读为:东方曰析,风曰/劦。——东方之神叫做析(木正句芒),析出万物;东方之风叫做劦,协和助力而万物萌芽。南方曰炎,风曰岂/凯。——南方之神叫做炎(火正祝融-阏伯-相土),火焰升腾;南方之风叫做凯,劲急温暖而万物长养。西方曰■,风曰彝/夷。——西方之神叫做■(金正蓐收),收获秋实;西方之风叫做夷,夷平吹落而万物肃杀。(北方曰)勹/伏,风曰攺改。——北方之神叫做伏(水正玄冥),隐伏潜藏;北方之风叫做改,寒冷敲打而天地改岁。以此就教于方家。

There are many differences on the interpretation of the names of gods and winds in the four directions in oracle bone inscriptions.Focusing on the Chinese ancient naming rationale(naming based on object and naming based on meaning)and the rationale for the formation of characters(formation because of the image and formation because of the meaning),as well as the use of word borrowing and the diachronic replacement of vocabulary,we have combed the ancient books and the ancient notes.Referring to the research results of more than 80 years,we have analyzed that the corresponding interpretation of the words in the bone version 14294 of the Collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is:The name of the oriental god is“析”(who separates all things),the name of the oriental wind is“/劦”(which is harmony,helping everything sprout).The name of the southern god is“炎”(who symbolizes the rising of fire),the name of the southern wind is“岂/凯”(which is strong and warm,helping everything grows).The name of the western god is“■”(who reaps autumn fruits),the name of the western wind is“彝/夷”(which blows down everything).The name of the northern god is“勹/伏”(who symbolizes hiding and lurking),the name of the northern wind is“攺/改”(which hits with cold and the world changes).