俄罗斯“套娃地区”问题的现状与发展——以涅涅茨民族聚居区为例

The situation of problem“matryoshka region”in Russia and its development:A case study of Nenets-populated areas

“套娃地区”是俄罗斯联邦境内一种特殊的主体存在形式,指的是一个直属中央的联邦主体(通常是民族自治区)在地理位置上从属于另一个联邦主体的现象。这类现象发端于苏联时期,在俄罗斯联邦1993年宪法中得到继承,经过一系列的行政区划改革,目前仅剩阿尔汉格尔斯克地区与秋明地区还存在“套娃地区”的情况。联邦主体区域的合并涉及国家经济社会的发展与民族关系的协调,而在所有“套娃地区”中,涅涅茨民族聚居区的变迁尤其典型。本文通过研究涅涅茨民族聚居区的演变历史、现状以及该地区的经济社会发展情况,解释俄罗斯“套娃地区”形成的深层原因,探索有关地区的发展前景。

“Matryoshka regions”are a special form of federal subjects in the Russian Federation,where a federal subject of central subordination(usually autonomous okrugs)is geographically included in another subject.This phenomenon,which originated in the Soviet Union,was inherited by the constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993,and after a series of administrative reforms,only the Arkhangelsk and Tyumen“matryoshkas”remained.The mergers of the federal subject territories involve the development of the socio-economic situation and the regulation of inter-ethnic relations.Of all the“matryoshka regions”,the evolution of the Nenets-populated areas is particularly noteworthy.This article aims to explore the underlying reasons for the formation of Russia's“matryoshka regions”by studying the history of the evolution of the settlements of the Nenets people and their current status as well as the economic and social development of this region.