宪法说理及其适用范例

Constitutional Argumentation and Its Applicable Examples

宪法说理是内嵌于宪法实施过程中的宪法现象,是不同宪法实施方式中共有的必要环节,其要旨在于通过对宪法规范、原则和精神的阐释,证成相关决定或行为的合宪性。就其性质而言,宪法说理涵摄宪法理解、宪法判断和宪法解释三种形式。在实践中,最高国家权力机关在宪法修正案决定、合宪性审查决定中,均须专门进行宪法说理;有立法权力的各级国家权力机关在作出立法决定、重大事项决定、备案审查决定等活动中,也需要进行专门的宪法说理;人民法院在个案审理中对于涉及公民基本权利等事项时,也存在宪法说理的范例。通过其范例分析可知,宪法说理的内容由法理、政理、道理或事理所构成。

Constitutional argumentation is a constitutional phenomenon embedded in the process of constitutional implementation,and it is a common necessary link in different ways of constitutional implementation.Its essence lies in explaining the norms,principles,and spirit of the constitution to justify the constitutionality of relevant decisions or actions.In terms of its nature,constitutional argumentation includes three forms:constitutional understanding,constitutional judgment,and constitutional interpretation.In practice,the highest national authority in constitutional amendments and decisions on the review of constitutionality must engage in special constitutional argumentation.The national authorities at all levels with legislative power need to engage in special constitutional argumentation when making decisions on legislation,major issues,and review of compliance with regulations.Courts also need to engage in constitutional argumentation when hearing individual cases involving citizens’basic rights.Through the analysis of its examples,the content of constitutional argumentation is composed of legal theory,political theory,moral theory,or rational theory.