张载“为天地立心”的伦理意蕴

The Ethical Implication of Zhang Zai’s“Heart for Heaven and Earth”

千年以来,“横渠四句”激励了无数文化学人,产生了巨大而深远的影响。然而,人们对其首句“为天地立心”却不得其解。早期儒家经典有“人者,天地之心也”之训,但张载却认为,人对外物感受不一,故而人心万殊。人的气质、私心、偏见和异端知识的障蔽,使人心不能合于天心,故而有整肃人心的必要。“为天地立心”正为正人心而设。以同于天地的视角,立诚心,立仁心,立平等心,立大心,就是“为天地立心”的具体内涵。这一思想的提出,展现了张载崇高的圣哲境界。

For thousands of years,the“four sentences in the horizontal canal”has inspired countless cultural scholars and produced great and far-reaching influence.However,people can't understand his first sentence“set a heart for heaven and earth”.In the early Confucian classics,there was a motto,“People,the heart of heaven and earth”,but Zhang Zai thought that people had different feelings about the external things,so people's hearts were different.People's temperament,selfishness,prejudice and heretical knowledge make people's hearts unable to conform to the heavenly heart,so it is necessary to purge them.“Building a heart for heaven and earth”is designed for the righteous.From the perspective of being the same as heaven and earth,establishing sincerity,benevolence,equality and big heart is the specific connotation of“establishing the heart for heaven and earth”.This idea shows Zhang Zai’s lofty realm of being a sage.