试论清末民初司法积弊整顿之监督制度主张

Tentative Discussion on Institutionalized Supervision Propositions for Rectifying Misconducts in Judicial Practice at the Turn of the Qing and Republican Periods

清末民初时期司法积弊严重,刑讯逼供、索贿受贿、案件积压等现象层出不穷。为此,时贤从严格案件审理、强化政府职权配置、注重司法官惩戒等方面,提出了加强监督司法之制度主张,试图达到实现司法公正、保障人民权利以及强化对地方的控制与治理等目的。虽因各种条件的限制实际监督效果极为有限,但仍不失为追求国家治理能力提升的有益思考。

At the turn of the Qing and Republican periods,the growing number of misconducts were witnessed in judicial practice,including extorting confession by torture,soliciting or accepting bribes,and backlog of cases.For the purposes of guaranteeing judicial justice,safeguarding people’s rights and enhancing control and governance on localities,some scholars at the time put forward various institutionalized propositions about strengthening supervision on judicature,such as handling cases with stringent requirements,consolidating the allocation of government functions and powers,and concentrating on disciplinary actions against those judicial officials who misconducted themselves.These propositions,though giving birth to limited effectiveness of supervision due to undesirable conditions in practical applications,remained to be meaningful insights into the state governance improvement.