协商系统理论:西方协商民主的继替与提升

Deliberation Systems Theory:The Succession and Promotion of Western Deliberative Democracy

面对协商可行与民主理想间日益突出的张力,协商系统理论以更具包容性的系统视角来思考和矫正协商民主的“微观倾向”,成为西方第四代协商民主的标志。协商系统理论通过价值整合来突破精英协商的封闭性,从而有效吸纳普通公民的积极参与和新型平等观的建构;通过边界突破来拓展协商概念内涵和观念界限,以正式协商机构与公共场所的连接、正式与非正式协商方法的并用来牵引协商重心回归宏观场域;借助互动平台并运用多种方法,通过子系统间的分工合作与反复协商,使普通公民的声音和主张在不同场域间展开交流和互动,实现协商民主正当性与有效性的提升。协商系统理论不仅为协商民主适应复杂社会高速发展态势提供操作路径,更有助于将系统优势转化为治理效能,为现代社会的发展提供可行思路和方案。

In the face of the increasingly tension between the feasibility of deliberation and the ideal of democracy,deliberation systems theory has become the symbol of the fourth generation of deliberative democracy in the new century by taking a more inclusive systemic perspective to consider and correct the“micro tendencies”of deliberative democracy.The deliberation systems theory breaks through the closed nature of elite deliberation through the integration of values,so as to effectively absorb the active participation of ordinary citizens and the construction of a new concept of equality.Through boundary breakthrough,the concept connotation and conceptual boundary of deliberation are expanded,and the connection between formal deliberation institutions and public places,formal and informal deliberation methods are used to draw the center of gravity of deliberation back to the macro field.With the help of interactive platforms and a variety of methods,through the division of labor and cooperation between sub-systems and repeated deliberation,the voice and proposal of ordinary citizens can be carried out in communication and interaction between different fields,so as to realize the improvement of the legitimacy and effectiveness of deliberative democracy.Deliberative system theory not only provides an operational path for deliberative democracy to adapt to the rapid development of a complex society,but also helps transform system advantages into governance effectiveness,and provides feasible ideas and schemes for the development of modern society.