健康资本与居民社会经济地位感知——基于CGSS 2017数据的实证分析

Health Capital and Residents’Perception of Social Status:Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS 2017

社会经济地位与健康不平等的关系是社会分层领域的重要话题。本研究对中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2017年数据进行实证分析,研究发现:健康资本越低的居民,主观阶层认同越低,出现阶层认同向下偏移的概率越大;健康资本越低的居民,产生阶层向下流动感知,预期未来阶层会向下流动的概率越大。上述结果在使用工具变量法和倾向得分匹配法控制内生性后依然显著成立。中介效应表明,健康资本会影响居民及其家庭的劳动力供给、收入和消费,显著改变居民的家庭收支平衡和生活满意度,进而影响居民的主观阶层认同。异质性分析显示,健康资本对居民社会经济地位感知的影响在女性和45岁及以上的群体中更加突出。本研究从主观社会经济地位感知的视角揭示了健康资本对社会分层和社会流动的重要影响,拓展了健康不平等的研究视野,对健康中国的建设也有一定的政策启示。

Socioeconomic status and health inequality are important topics in the field of social stratification.Through empirical analysis of CGSS 2017 dataset,this study finds that residents with lower health capital have lower subjective class identity,and the probability of a downward bias in class identification is higher.For residents with lower health capital,the probability of having the perception of downward mobility over the past and in the future are both higher.The above results are still significantly established after controlling endogeneity using the instrumental variable method and propensity score matching method.The mediation effect test shows that health capital will affect the labor supply,income and consumption of residents and their families,significantly change residents’household balance of payments and life satisfaction,and then affect their perception of socioeconomic status.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the influence of health capital on residents’subjective social status is more prominent among women and people aged 45 and above.This study reveals the important impacts of health capital on social stratification and social mobility from the perspective of subjective class identity,expands the research horizon of social stratification and health inequality,and has certain policy implications for the construction of healthy China.