符号、通感与应和:福克纳美国南方象征诗学建构刍论

Sign,Synaesthesia,and Correspondence:William Faulkner’s Construction of Symbolic Poetics in the American South

意义在语境中是流动的,文化的棱镜往往折射出辩证法的灵光。后现代的文学表述带来的“意义”,常常表现为“符号”与“象征”交错叠加式的“复合”形态,在意义上具有抽象性、多元性、不确定性,从而充满浓郁的“反象征性”色彩;而传统文学阐释,却往往局限在福克纳的文学世界中由“象”取“义”,追求意义的深度,而非不断地寻求“象外之义”,使作品放射出哲理与诗性光芒。运用现代象征美学透析福克纳艺术创作的营构程式,可见他不但借用人类学想象奏响一曲“符号”和“象征”组成的美国南方意义的交响乐,而且勾勒出事关美国历史的诠释路径和文学艺术的审美原则。然而,要探寻福克纳所建构的“约克纳帕塔法世系”①艺术世界中所呈现出的“象征”与“意义”,最好以通灵者的身份,寻求作家呈现的三个世界的“应和”关系,即用可见的“客观现实世界”去破译存在于“精神世界”和“超验世界”的“象征物”。

ion,pluralism and uncertainty in the sense,which is full of intense“anti-symbolic”colors;while traditional literary interpretation is often confined to Faulkner’s literary world by“image”to take“righteousness”,pursuing the depth of meaning,rather than constantly seeking“extraordinary meaning”to make the work radiate philosophical and poetic light.Using modern symbolic aesthetics to analyze the construction program of Faulkner’s artistic creation,it can be seen that he not only borrows the anthropological imagination to play a symphony of the meaning of Southern United States composed of“sign”and“symbol”,but also outlines the interpretive trajectories of American history and the aesthetic principles of literary arts.However,to explore the“symbol”and“meaning”in the art world of the“Yoknapatawpha genealogy”constructed by Faulkner,it is best to seek the“harmonious”relationship among the three worlds presented by the author from the perspective of a medium.That is,deciphering the“symbols”existing in the“spiritual world”and the“transcendent world”using the visible“objective reality world”.