贵州不同产地冬荪营养成分及品质评价

Evaluation of Nutritional Composition and Quality of Phallus impudicus L.from Different Producing Areas in Guizhou

为系统全面地分析贵州冬荪营养成分和品质差异,以4个产地冬荪干品为材料,测定其氨基酸、矿质元素、灰分、脂肪、粗纤维和总糖含量,通过氨基酸比值系数法对其蛋白质品质进行评价,并利用主成分分析法对不同产地冬荪品质进行综合评价。结果表明,冬荪中N、P、K和Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Zn 8种矿质元素含量分别为18.70~22.45、3.55~4.83、29.63~39.64g·kg^(-1)和508.64~686.89、12.37~17.54、92.30~497.54、1.55~1.98、24.84~51.61 mg·kg-1;灰分、脂肪、粗纤维和总糖含量分别为5.83%~6.27%、0.83%~1.49%、0.25%~0.47%、28.92%~34.90%。不同产地冬荪均含有被检测的17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸的含量最高,必需氨基酸含量为4.24%~5.55%,总氨基酸含量为10.70%~12.93%,以上指标都以德江产的冬荪最高。氨基酸评价结果表明,赖氨酸是冬荪的第一限制性氨基酸,4个产地冬荪必需氨基酸指数均大于1,可作为优质蛋白源,氨基酸比值系数分值表明,德江产冬荪蛋白质营养价值最高。主成分分析结果表明,德江产冬荪综合得分最高,品质最佳。研究结果为贵州省冬荪质量控制和开发利用提供科学依据。

In order to analyze the nutritional compositions and quality differences of Phallus impudicus L.in Guizhou,the contents of amino acids,mineral elements,ash,fat,crude fiber and total sugar in dry Phallus impudicus L.from 4 producing areas were determined,the protein quality was evaluated by amino acid ratio coefficient method and the comprehensive quality was evaluated by principal component analysis.The results showed that,the contents of N,P,K and Ca,Cu,Fe,Mg,Zn were 18.70~22.45,3.55~4.83,29.63~39.64 g·kg^(-1) and 508.64~686.89,12.37~17.54,92.30~497.54,1.55~1.98,24.84~51.61 mg·kg-1,respectively.The contents of ash,fat,crude fiber and total sugar were 5.83%~6.27%,0.83%~1.49%,0.25%~0.47%,28.92%~34.90%,respectively.17 amino acids were detected in Phallus impudicus L.from different producing areas,content of Glu was the highest,the contents of essential amino acids,total amino acids were 4.24%~5.55%,10.70%~12.93%,respectively.Dejiang had the highest index of all the above indicators.Amino acid evaluation results showed that Lys was the first limiting amino acid of Phallus impudicus L.,and the essential amino acid index(EAAI)values of Phallus impudicus L.from 4 producing area were all more than 1,which could be used as high quality protein source.The amino acid ratio coefficient score(SRCAA)value showed that Dejiang had the highest nutritional value of protein.The result of principal component analysis showed that Dejiang had the best quality whose comprehensive score was the highest.This study provided scientific basis for quality control,development and utilization of Phallus impudicus L.in Guizhou province.