阿尔茨海默病作用机制研究进展与治疗

Research Progress of Mechanism and Treatment of Alzheimer s Disease

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种致命的慢性神经退行性疾病,其发病率和病死率与年龄关系密切,对老年人口构成很大的风险,患者一经确诊便需长期服药,严重影响患病人群生活质量。目前对AD的治疗主要以药物和针灸为主,常用的西药有多奈哌齐、卡巴拉汀、美金刚等,靶点单一见效快;常用的方剂有补肾化瘀、补肾平肝等,靶点多见效慢。虽然这些药物和治疗方法大体上使人满意,但只能达到延缓病程的效果,无法治愈或逆转病程,因此,寻找一个合适的靶点和一个成功的多方位治疗AD的方法是药物开发的一个重大挑战。该文查阅近年来关于AD治疗的相关文献,从西医和中医两个层面进行阐述,并梳理目前国内外治疗AD的新研究,以期为治疗AD新药及方法的研究提供理论参考。

Alzheimer s Disease(AD)is a fatal chronic neurodegenerative disease,its morbidity and mortality are closely related to age,posing a considerable risk to the elderly population.Once diagnosed,patients need to take long-term medication,which seriously affects the quality of the patient lives.At present,drugs and acupuncture are the main treatments for AD.The commonly used Western drugs are donepezil,rivastigmine,memantine,etc.,each of which has a single target and quick effect.The commonly used formulas in TCM are those that can tonify the kidney and resolving blood stasis,tonify the kidney and calm the liver,and these medicinals have many targets and slow effects.Although these drugs and therapies are generally satisfactory and can delay the course of the disease,they cannot cure the disease or reverse the progress.Therefore,finding a suitable target and a successful multifaceted approach to the treatment of AD is a major challenge in drug development.In this paper,relevant literatures on the treatment of AD in recent years were searched,and we elaborate the finding from two aspects,traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.We also reviewed the current domestic and foreign studies on the treatment of AD,in order to provide theoretical reference for the research of new drugs and methods for the treatment of AD.