中国电影转型的突破路径:论第五代导演的探索性建构

The Breakthrough Path of Chinese Film Transformation:Exploring the Construction of the Fifth Generation Directors

以张艺谋、陈凯歌、田壮壮为代表的第五代导演对中国电影走向独立发挥了不可替代的作用。在中国电影还未确立自身为艺术形式,又急切地想成为一种艺术形式,便在以剧本为中心的基础上较多地吸取了文学资源,这也导致很多创作者认为电影就是文学。随着电影拍摄技术的发达以及叙事经验的成熟,再用文学的观念对待电影,反而延缓了电影的独立。第五代导演群体通过有意的探索和寻找使得二者经历了裂变式的阵痛,在其努力下,电影的视听媒介属性得到充分挖掘。电影与文学一一对应的关系被打破与重组,电影不再是文学作品的视觉化呈现,而成为导演的艺术。

The fifth generation directors,represented by Zhang Yimou,Chen Kaige,and Tian Zhuangzhuang,have played an irreplaceable role in the independent development of Chinese cinema.Before Chinese cinema established itself as an art form and desperately wanted to become one,it drew heavily on literary resources based on the script,leading many creators to believe that cinema was literature.With the advancement of film shooting technology and the maturity of narrative experience,treating cinema with literary concepts has actually hindered its independence.The fifth generation directors,through intentional exploration and search,have caused a splitting pain between the two.Through their efforts,the audio visual media attributes of film have been fully explored.The corresponding relation-ship between film and literature has been broken and restructured,and film is no longer a visual representation of lit-erary works,but rather the director's art.