欧盟碳边境调节机制对我国参与国际贸易和气候治理的影响

The Influence of EU CBAM on China's Participation in International Trade and Climate Governance

从短期看,欧盟碳边境调节机制(即欧盟“碳关税”)对中欧贸易的影响暂不明显,但长期影响不容小觑。发达国家在碳关税问题上将呈现合流之势,制约我国参与国际贸易进程。碳关税与气候俱乐部的结合很可能演变为国际气候政治集团化的新趋势,不利于我国参与和引领全球气候治理。我国应加快国内碳排放市场建设,完善碳定价机制;推动企业碳中和战略,加速国内出口产品向低碳供应链转型;主动参与碳边境调节税国际规则与标准的制定,积极展开对欧协商,避免美欧及其盟友的共同遇制;充分认识到贸易是气候变化解决方案的重要组成部分,但应避免其沦为西方国家的气候政治工具。

In the short term,the impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(EU CBAM,EU"Carbon Tariff")on China's trade with Europe is not obvious,but the long-term impact cannot be underestimated.The developed countries will show convergence on the issue of carbon tariffs,restricting China's participation in the international trade process.The combination of carbon tariffs and climate clubs is likely to evolve into a new trend of international climate political grouping,which will harm China's participation and leadership in global climate governance.China should accelerate the construction of the domestic carbon emission market,improve the carbon pricing mechanism;promote the carbon neutral strategy at the enterprise level,and accelerate the transformation of domestic exports to low-carbon supply chains;take the initiative to participate in the formulation of international rules and standards for carbon border adjustment tariffs,and actively launch negotiations with EU to avoid joint containment by the U.S.,EU,and their allies;fully recognize that trade is an important part of the climate change solution,but it must be prevented from becoming a climate political tool for Western countries.