结直肠癌中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网研究进展

Research progress on neutrophil extracellular traps in colorectal cancer

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)是中性粒细胞在病毒、细菌、免疫复合物、细胞因子等各种刺激作用下释放到胞外的由DNA染色质和多种颗粒蛋白构成的特殊网状物。作为先天性免疫胞外防御体系的重要组成部分,在正常情况下,NETs可介导抗菌活性并清除病原体,维持机体免受外界侵害,而过量或功能失调的NETs可进一步扩大炎症反应,并推动多类疾病的发生发展。NETs形成与自身免疫病、糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症等发生发展密切相关。笔者就NETs形成在调控结直肠癌(CRC)发生发展中的作用进行综述,探讨NETs形成促进CRC的增殖、上皮-间质转化、血管生成、免疫逃避及肿瘤相关的血栓形成等恶性生物学行为的机制,并探讨NETs形成作为CRC生物标志物及潜在治疗靶点的临床应用前景。

Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)are special networks composed of DNA chromatin and various granular proteins that neutrophils release extracellularly in response to stimuli such as viruses,bacteria,immune complexes,and cytokines.As an important component of the innate immune extracellular defense system,NETs play a crucial role.Under normal circumstances,NETs mediate antimicrobial activity and pathogen clearance,thereby maintaining the body's protection against external threats.However,excessive or dysfunctional NETs can further amplify inflammatory responses and contribute to the occurrence and development of various diseases.The formation of NETs is closely associated with autoimmune diseases,diabetes,cardiovascular diseases,cancer,and more.In this review,the authors provide an overview of the role of NETs formation in regulating the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer(CRC).The review discusses the mechanisms by which NETs formation promotes malignant biological behaviors in CRC,including proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,angiogenesis,immune evasion,and tumor-related thrombosis.Furthermore,the review discusses the clinical prospects of NETs formation as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for CRC.