河西走廊关键生态问题及治理研究

Research on Key Ecological Issues and Governance of the Hexi Corridor

河西走廊是我国西部重要生态安全屏障,在国家西部生态安全视域下,生态极端重要而又脆弱敏感。学术界对河西走廊生态及治理问题主要分水、沙、山等生态要素进行专题研究,因而一定程度上弱化了各类生态问题的并存性和相联性,也较少提出系统性应对之策。综合看,河西走廊目前所面临的生态问题中最为关键的问题同时涉及“水、沙、山、工业”4个方面,即水资源匮乏、沙漠侵蚀前移、祁连山林草退化及重点工业领域生态环境压力大。针对关键生态问题及其内在联系和循环规律,在治理路径上须抓住重点,主要从系统治水、治沙锁边、护山植绿和减污降碳4方面入手,为保障治理效果还须健全极限节水机制、重大生态风险预防机制等6种机制。基于生态全局理清重点问题,有助于对不同生态要素及问题相互并存和影响而形成的河西走廊关键生态问题的全貌进行总体把握及系统性分析和治理,以进一步供学术界和有关部门参考。

The Hexi Corridor is an important ecological security barrier in the western part of the country,the ecology is extremely important and fragile.The Hexi Corridor is currently facing four key ecological problems,including water scarcity,desert erosion,forest and grass degradation in the Qilian Mountains,and pressure on the ecological environment in key industrial areas.On the governance path,we must focus on four aspects:systematic water control,sand control and edge locking,mountain protection and greening,and pollution reduction and carbon reduction.Six mechanisms must be further improved:extreme water saving mechanism,major ecological risk prevention mechanism,Qilian Mountain ecological compensation mechanism,etc.