美国大豆补贴政策及对中国的启示

American Soybean Subsidy Policy and Inspiration for China

自1933年以来,美国以农业法案作为载体,陆续发布并实施了商品贷款项目、固定金额直接补贴、反周期补贴、农业保险计划、农业资源保护计划等一系列大豆补贴政策,这些补贴政策极大地促进了美国大豆产业的发展。反观中国,迅速增长的大豆需求没有促进大豆产业的繁荣发展。虽然国家陆续出台了大豆临时收储政策、大豆目标价格政策、大豆生产者补贴政策等一系列政策扶持大豆生产,但其效果并不明显。基于此,对美国大豆补贴政策进行了介绍,并在比较中、美大豆补贴政策差别的基础上,借鉴美国大豆补贴政策,提出中国大豆补贴政策内容应考虑推进大豆补贴立法建设、尽快推行脱钩补贴制度、大豆补贴政策融入绿色发展理念等建议。

Since 1933,with the agricultural act as the carrier,the united states has successively issued and implemented a series of soybean subsidy policies,such as commodity loan projects,fixed amount direct subsidy,countercyclical subsidy,agricultural insurance plan and agricultural resource protection plan.These subsidy policies have greatly promoted the development of the soybean industry in the united states.In contrast,the rapidly growing soybean demand in China has not promoted the prosperous development of soybean industry.Although the state has successively introduced a series of policies to support soybean production,such as temporary soybean purchase and storage policy,soybean target price policy and soybean producer subsidy policy,its effect is not obvious.Based on this,this paper introduced the soybean subsidy policies of the united states,and on the basis of comparing the differences between the soybean subsidy policies of China and the united states,drew lessons from the soybean subsidy policies of the united states,and put forward suggestions that the content of China′s soybean subsidy policies should consider promoting the legislative construction of soybean subsidy,implementing the decoupling subsidy system as soon as possible,and integrating the concept of green development into soybean subsidy policies.