大数据视角下的劳动报酬争议研究

A Study on Labor Remuneration Disputes from the Perspective of Big Data

保障劳动者的劳动报酬权,防范和化解劳动报酬争议,是巩固和发展和谐稳定的劳动关系、实现全体人民共同富裕的重要一环,与中国式现代化道路的历史进程紧密相连。以“中国裁判文书网”检索到的10万余起劳动报酬争议案件和从其中随机抽样的全国各个省级行政区的2000起劳动报酬争议案件为研究对象,发现劳动报酬争议具有劳动者的核心性、劳动报酬争议的非均衡性、劳动报酬拖欠的高额性和久期性、劳动报酬争议案情的复杂性等整体性特征,而拖欠工资的事实难证明、工资内容和工资标准难确定、加班工资难以得到有效保障以及劳动报酬权保障体系较单一是劳动者主张劳动报酬权面临的主要难题。为了进一步完善劳动报酬权的保护路径,需要优化劳动报酬争议证据规则,厘清工资内容和工资标准适用规则,明确加班工资的计算基数,构建劳动报酬权的多元化保护体系。

To protect workers rights to labor remuneration and prevent and resolve labor remuneration disputes is an important part of consolidating and developing harmonious and stable labor relations and realizing common prosperity for all people,which is closely linked to the progress of Chinese modernization.This study takes more than 100,000 cases of labor remuneration disputes retrieved from“China Judgements Online”and the 2,000 cases of labor remuneration disputes randomly sampled from them,which basically cover all provincial administrative regions in China,as the objects of study.It is found that labor remuneration disputes have following characteristics,such as the core position of laborers,the unbalanced situation of labor remuneration disputes,the high amount and long-term nature of labor remuneration arrears,and the complexity of labor remuneration dispute cases.Workers who claim labor remuneration rightsface difficulties in proving arrears of wages,clarifying exact amount and standard of their wages and securing overtime payment under a relatively poor security system of labor remuneration right.In order to further improve the protection of the labor remuneration right,it is necessary to optimize the rules of judging labor remuneration disputes,clarify the rules applicable to the amount and standard of wage,specify the calculation base of overtime payment,and build a diversified protection system of the labor remuneration right.