高铁网络对劳动力空间错配的影响研究

Impact of High-Speed Rail Network on Labor Spatial Misallocation

基于2005—2019年城市面板数据,利用多时点DID模型、空间DID模型,实证检验高铁网络对劳动力空间错配的影响及作用机制。研究发现:第一,高铁网络显著改善了劳动力空间错配,高铁开通使沿线城市劳动力错配平均下降8.2%,且经停频次每增加一趟,劳动力错配进一步下降0.4%,在经过一系列稳健性检验后,结论仍然成立;第二,高铁网络通过劳动力跨区流动、产业集聚渠道显著改善了外围地区大规模城市和重点城市群劳动力空间错配;第三,高铁网络通过产业集聚渠道显著改善了南方地区和东部地区的劳动力空间错配,且其改善效应在东部地区更大。

This paper studies the impact and mechanism of the high-speed rail(HSR)network on the labor spatial misallocation using the urban panel data from 2005 to 2019 based on the staggered DID model and spatial DID model.The findings are as follows.First,the HSR network has significantly alleviated the labor spatial misallocation,and the opening of HSR reduces the labor spatial misallocation by 8.2%on average.For each additional train,the labor spatial misallocation decreases by a further 0.4%.After a series of robustness tests,the conclusion is still valid.Second,by encouraging cross-regional flow of labor and industrial agglomeration,the HSR network can greatly alleviate the spatial misallocation of labor between large-scale cities in peripheral areas and key urban agglomerations.Third,through industrial agglomeration,the HSR network can significantly alleviate the labor spatial misallocation between the southern and eastern regions in China,with the eastern region enjoying more benefits.The above findings provide important implications for optimizing the layout of HSR network and releasing the potential of labor spatial allocation efficiency.