南盘江流域冰糖橙需水量与灌溉需水指数时空变化特征

Temporal and Spatial Variation Analysis of Water and Irrigation Requirement Index of Citrus Sinensis Osbeck in the Nanpan River Basin

基于1961-2020年南盘江流域21个气象站逐日气象数据,采用Penman-Monteith公式和单作物系数法,并结合线性趋势和Mann-Kendall法计算分析了近60 a(1961-2020年)南盘江流域冰糖橙不同生育期需水量ETc、有效降雨量Pe、灌溉需水指数IRI的时空分布特征。结果表明:1961-2020年南盘江流域冰糖橙全生育期ETc、Pe、IRI分别介于902.22~1042.70 mm、289.62~477.68 mm、0.48~0.71之间。ETc和IRI呈上升趋势,增幅分别为2.171 mm/10 a和0.9%/10 a,Pe呈显著的下降趋势,减幅为8.538 mm/10 a。ETc和IRI上升趋势主要集中在南盘江流域西南部和中南部区域,Pe下降趋势主要集中在流域中东部区域。南盘江流域冰糖橙ETc呈果实膨大期>果实着色期>花期>成熟采摘期>休眠期>花芽分化期,Pe呈果实膨大期>果实着色期>成熟采摘期>休眠期>花期>花芽分化期,IRI呈花期>花芽分花期>休眠期>果实膨大期>果实着色期>成熟采摘期。南盘江流域冰糖橙不同生育期ETc和IRI呈现西南高东北低,增幅高值区主要分布在西南部,减幅高值区主要分布在东北部,而Pe则呈完全相反的特征。

Based on the daily meteorological data from 21 meteorological stations during 1961-2020,the crop water requirement ETc,effec⁃tive precipitation Pe,irrigation requirement IR,and irrigation requirement index IRI in the Nanpan River Basin with 60 years(1961-2013)are calculated by using the Penman-Monteith equation and single crop coefficient method,the temporal and spatial variation of ETc,Pe,IR,and IRI during Citrus sinensis Osbeck growth season in different regions are analyzed by the linear trend estimate and M-K method.The results show that the ETc,Pe and IRI of Citrus sinensis Osbeck in Nanpanjiang River Basin are 902.22~1042.70 mm,289.62~477.68 mm and 0.48~0.71 respectively.The ETc and IRI had increase with an increasing rate of 2.171 mm/decade and 0.9%/decade.The Pe significant decrease with a decreasing rate of 8.538 mm/decade.The rising trend of ETc and IRI is mainly concentrated in the southwest and central South of Nanpan River Basin,and the decreasing trend of Pe is mainly concentrated in the middle and east of Nanpan River Basin.The ETc of Citrus sinensis Osbeck in the Nanpan river basin is represented as fruit expansion stage>flower season>fruit coloring stage>dormancy period>flower bud differentiation stage>mature picking period.The Pe is ranked as fruit expansion stage>fruit coloring stage>mature picking period>dormancy period>flower season>flower bud differentiation stage.The IRI is ranked as flower season>flower bud differentiation stage>dorman⁃cy period>fruit expansion stage>fruit coloring stage>mature picking period.In different growth periods of Citrus sinensis Osbeck in Nanpan River Basin,ETc and IRI are high in the southwest and low in the northeast.The high value area of increase is mainly distributed in the south⁃west,the high value area of decrease is mainly distributed in the northeast,while Pe is completely opposite.