杉木优良无性系早期生长和侧枝发育特征比较

Comparison of early growth and lateral branch development characteristics of superior Chinese fir clones

为探究不同杉木无性系早期生长和侧枝发育特征的差异,筛选适合杉木大径材和无节材培育的优良无性系,以福建省顺昌埔上国有林场的12个3年生洋系列无性系为研究对象,并以该林场培育的2代、3代实生苗为对照,连续2 a进行早期生长和侧枝发育特征调查分析。结果表明,不同杉木无性系生长与侧枝发育特征存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,洋058和洋064的树高和地径均显著大于多数参试无性系和对照实生苗(P<0.05),洋023和洋063的侧枝节间距在3年生和4年生时均较大,3年生和4年生杉木无性系的侧枝长度分别以洋023和洋053为最小,两者分别显著小于其他无性系和两个对照实生苗(P<0.05),洋054的枝条年轮宽度显著小于其他无性系和两个对照实生苗(P<0.05),洋023的冠幅直径、冠幅面积、冠幅体积均显著大于其他无性系和两个对照实生苗(P<0.05)。不同杉木无性系生长与侧枝发育特征之间存在一定相关性,其中树高、地径与侧枝长度、侧枝基径和侧枝角度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与冠幅高度、冠幅面积和冠幅体积呈正相关,侧枝节间距、侧枝长度和侧枝基径两两之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上可知,洋058和洋064的生长性状优良,可作为大径材选育无性系;洋023的形态性状优良,可作为无节材选育的优良亲本。

In this study,we aimed to explore the differences in early growth and lateral branch development characteristics of different Chinese fir clones for early screening of superior clones suitable for the cultivation of large-diameter and knotless Chinese fir wood.Twelve 3-year-old Yang series clones from Pushang State-owned Forest Farm of Shunchang,Fujian Province were selected as research objects,and second and third generation seedlings cultivated by Pushang State-owned Forest Farm of Shunchang were used as controls,and growth and lateral branch development characteristics were investigated and analyzed for two consecutive years.The results showed that there were significant differences in growth and lateral branch development characteristics among different Chinese fir clones(P<0.05).Among them,the tree height and ground diameter of Yang 058 and Yang 064 were significantly higher than most of the test clones and control seedlings(P<0.05).Additionally,the internode lengths of lateral branches of Yang 023 and Yang 063 were higher than those of other clones and two controls seedlings.The lateral branch lengths of 3-year-old and 4-year-old Chinese fir clones was minimised by Yang 023 and Yang 053,which were significantly lower than those of other clones and two control seedlings separately(P<0.05).Further,the branch ring width of Yang 054 was significantlylower than those of other clones and two control seedlings(P<0.05).The crown width diameter,crown area,and crown volume of Yang 023 were significantly higher than those of other clones and two control seedlings(P<0.05).There was a certain correlation between growth and lateral branch development characteristics of different Chinese fir clones.Tree height and ground diameter were significantly positively correlated with lateral branch length,base diameter,and angle(P<0.01);positively correlated with crown height,area,and volume.Moreover,lateral branch internode length,branch length,and base diameter were significantly positively correlated with each other(P<0.01).In summary,the excellent growth traits of Yang 058 and Yang 064 enable their use as large-diameter wood breeding clones,while the excellent morphological traits of Yang 023 ensure a suitable parent for knotless wood breeding.