江西省黄精及其土壤重金属含量水平与评价

The level and evaluation of heavy metal content in Polygonatum sibiricum and its soil in Jiangxi Province

为了解江西省黄精重金属污染现状,对黄精的重金属含量进行预警,为黄精的药食用安全性提供参考,本文以江西省9个黄精产区的87份黄精鲜品及8个产地的64份土壤样品为研究对象,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定黄精及其土壤中砷、汞、铅、镉、铬等5种重金属的含量,并运用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行污染评价。结果表明,87份黄精样品的重金属As(0.0824 mg·kg^(-1))、Hg(0.0096 mg·kg^(-1))、Pb(0.1219 mg·kg^(-1))、Cd(0.0550 mg·kg-1)等的平均含量均未超出限量值,但部分样品存在Cr(0.9767 mg·kg^(-1))超标现象,超标率6.90%。64份土壤样品中共检出2份样品存在重金属As(89.2913 mg·kg^(-1))、Pb(71.9497 mg·kg^(-1))的含量超标现象,超标率3.13%;单因子污染指数评价黄精受Cr污染风险较高,而土壤受Pb、Cd、As的污染风险较高。综合污染指数评价,江西省黄精产区黄精及其土壤均处于食药用安全等级、清洁水平。

In order to comprehend the current situation of heavy metal pollution of Polygonatum sibiricum in Jiangxi Province,provide early warning of the heavy metal content in P.sibiricum,and provide reference for the medicinal and edible safety of P.sibiricum,87 fresh P.sibiricum and 64 soil samples from 9 P.sibiricum producing areas in Jiangxi Province were taken as the research objects.The content of five heavy metals such as arsenic,mercury,lead,cadmium,and chromium in P.sibiricum and its soil were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,atomic absorption spectroscopy,and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy.The pollution was evaluated using the single factor pollution index method and the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method.The results showed that the average content of heavy metals such as As(0.0824 mg·kg^(-1)),Hg(0.0096 mg·kg^(-1)),Pb(0.1219 mg·kg^(-1)),Cd(0.0550 mg·kg^(-1))in 87 samples of P.sibiricum did not exceed the limit,but the content of Cr in some samples exceeded the limit(0.9767 mg·kg^(-1)),with a exceeding rate of 6.90%.Two out of 64 soil samples were found to have excessive levels of heavy metals As(89.2913 mg·kg^(-1))and Pb(71.9497 mg·kg^(-1)),with an exceeding rate of 3.13%.The single factor pollution index was evaluateed that Po.sibiricum has a higher risk of Cr pollution,while the soil has a higher risk of Pb,Cd,and As pollution.The comprehensive pollution index was evaluated that the P.sibiricum and its soil in the P.sibiricum production area of Jiangxi Province were at a safe and clean level for food and medicine.