市场中的利益冲突理论初探

A Preliminary Study on the Theory of Interest Conflicts in Market

经济学是关于市场经济的专门理论和学说。理解市场经济的运行机制,有两个黑箱需要打开。一个是市场利益和谐的运行机制,一个是市场利益冲突的均衡和控制机制。新古典经济学是关于利益和谐的经济学,因而是不完整的市场经济理论。在真实的世界里,冲突无处不在,尤其是在大量存在的交易活动中,就存在着买者之间、卖者之间、买者和卖者之间的利益冲突,也存在着个体和整体之间的利益冲突等等。市场中的利益冲突发生有其必然性,因为人的理性并不可靠,人是理性与非理性的混合体。垄断、信息不对称、供求不均衡等制度因素也是利益冲突的根源。市场中的利益冲突可以缓解、不可以消灭,需要不断完善和健全市场经济发展所需要的制度和文化,非理性带来的利益冲突需要诉诸理性解决,需要强化协调,通过谈判、沟通、博弈达成协议化解矛盾等等。体制转型中的中国需要利益冲突经济学,同时也是经济学实现重大创新的希望所在。

Economics is a specialized theory about the market economy.Two black boxes need to be opened in order to understand how the market economy works.One is the harmonious operating mechanism of market interest,and the another is the balance and control mechanism of conflicts of market interest.Neoclassical economics focuses on harmonious interests,which is therefore an incomplete theory of market economy.Conflicts are everywhere in the real world,which especially exist in a large number of transactions,including those among buyers,among sellers,between buyers and sellers,as well as between individuals and the whole.Conflicts of interest in the market are inevitable because human's rationality is not reliable and man is a mixture of rationality and irrationality.Institutional factors such as monopoly,information asymmetry,imbalance between supply and demand and so on are also the root of conflicts of interest.Conflicts of interest in the market can be alleviated but not eliminated,and it is necessary to continuously improve the system and culture required for the development of market economy.Meanwhile,conflicts of interest brought by irrationality need to be resolved resorting to rationality,strong coordination,negotiation,communication and games.Through this way,agreements can be reached and contradictions can be defused.China needs economics of conflicts of interest in its institutional transition,which is also where the hope of major creations of economics lies.