我国近海渔业资源研究历程及展望

Development and prospects of studies on inshore fisheries resources in China

近海是众多渔业生物的产卵场、育幼场和索饵场,也是优良渔场,支撑着我国海洋渔业资源的世代发生量和“海上粮仓”的可持续产出。近海渔业贡献了80%~90%海洋捕捞产量,在保障水产品供给、增加渔民收入、促进沿海地区海洋经济发展等方面发挥了重要作用。新中国成立以来,以近海渔业资源为切入点,我国科研人员围绕“海洋渔业资源开发与可持续利用”的关键科技问题,系统开展了一系列渔业资源调查与评估、基础与应用基础研究、技术研发工作,取得了多项创新性成果,支撑了我国海洋渔业资源合理利用、科学养护与管理。渔业资源研究重点与渔业资源开发利用程度和渔业发展休戚相关,本文结合不同时期国家渔业发展战略,系统回顾了1950年代以来我国近海渔业资源研究4个发展阶段(起步—发展阶段、快速发展阶段、综合研究阶段和新发展阶段)的特点、研究重点、调查装备及平台建设情况等;梳理了我国在近海渔业资源数量变动与渔场探查、渔业资源高效开发利用、渔业资源调查评估技术研发、科学规范的水生生物资源养护体系形成和海洋生态系统动力学等研究进展和代表性成果,及其对我国近海渔业发展、管理与资源养护政策调整的支撑作用;明确了未来渔业资源研究要注重多学科研究和综合性调查,深入解析渔业生态系统结构与功能的机制和机理,结合经济、社会等因素研发新的渔业资源利用与管理模式,实现“开发中保护,保护中开发”,支撑资源养护型近海捕捞业实施和渔业高质量发展。

The inshore waters are the major spawning,nursery and feeding grounds of many fishery species,as well as the important fishing grounds,indicating that they are integral for the recruitment of fish stock and sustainable yield in sea granary of China.The inshore fisheries constitute 80%-90%of marine fisheries catches,playing an indispensable role in securing seafood supply,augmenting fishermen’s income and bolstering the marine economy of coastal regions.Since the founding of China,focusing on the key scientific and technological issues on the sustainable utilization of marine living resources,Chinese scientists have carried out a series of research on fishery resources,including fisheries resources surveys and stock assessment,basic research and applied basic research,development of technologies and so on,and gained a series of innovative achievements.The emphasis on fisheries resources research correlates closely with fisheries resources exploitation and fishery industry development.Aligning with the national fishery developmental strategies across different epochs,this paper systematically retraces the four developmental phases of inshore fisheries resources research since the 1950s:the nascent-development phase,the rapid growth phase,the integrated research phase and the new developmental phase.We delineate their distinct characteristics,primary research focus,and advancements in survey equipment and platform construction.Moreover,the paper collates China's progress and seminal findings in areas such as dynamics of fish populations,fishing ground exploration,efficient utilization of fisheries resources,technological development for fisheries resources survey and stock assessment,establishment of scientifically regulated aquatic conservation systems and dynamics of marine ecosystem.These findings greatly contributed to Chinese inshore fishery industry development,as well as the regulations and policies adjustment of fisheries management and conservation.The paper accentuates the future research imperative of embracing multidisciplinary studies and comprehensive surveys.It calls for a profound understanding of the mechanisms and processes governing fishery ecosystem structures and functions,and advocates the integration of economic and social dimensions in devising innovative resource utilization and management strategies.This holistic approach,epitomized by“protecting during development and developing during protection”,aims to bolster the implementation of conservation-oriented inshore fishery industry and champion the high-quality growth of the fishery sector in China.