不同培育模式下日本落叶松林灌草和土壤养分特征研究

Study on Shrub-herb and Soil Nutrient Characteristics of Larix kaempferi Forest under Different Cultivation Modes

探讨不同培育模式日本落叶松林灌草、土壤养分特征,以期为人工林的营建和持续健康经营提供参考。以辽东山区现有典型培育模式下的日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)林,即日本落叶松-白桦(Betula platyphylla)带状混交林(文中记为DZ)、日本落叶松-白桦-日本桤木(Alnus japonica)块状混交林(文中记为KZ)及日本落叶松纯林(CK)为研究对象,调查并分析林下灌草组成、多样性和土壤养分特征及其影响林下灌草分布和多样性的主要环境因子。结果表明,不同培育模式下日本落叶松林灌草组成丰富,灌草总数表现为DZ>KZ>CK;草本层Simpson多样性指数(S_(P))、以Simpson多样性指数为基础的Pielou均匀度指数(J_(SP))、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(S_(W))和以Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为基础的Pielou均匀度指数(J_(SW))表现为CK>KZ>DZ,灌木层S_(P)、J_(SP)、J_(SW)表现为DZ>CK>KZ,但总体上差异不显著。日本落叶松林土壤养分含量和C∶N、C∶P和N∶P有所差异,利用乘除法并结合土壤元素含量判定土壤养分表现为DZ>CK>KZ。影响不同培育模式下落叶松林灌草分布和多样性的主要环境因子不同,土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和速效磷是影响草本分布的主要环境因子,硝态氮和铵态氮是影响灌木分布的主要环境因子,单株材积是影响草本多样性的主要环境因子,而土壤C∶N是影响灌木多样性的主要环境因子。日本落叶松-白桦带状混交培育模式林下灌草数量、灌木多样性,土壤养分条件和木材蓄积优于其他2种培育模式;可结合影响不同培育模式日本落叶松林灌草组成和多样性的主要因子分类进行森林经营,协调灌草多样性、林分因子和土壤养分之间的关系,促进辽东山区日本落叶松林健康可持续经营。

The characteristics of shrub-herb and soil nutrient in different cultivation modes of Larix kaempferi forest were discussed,so as to provide reference for the establishment and sustainable healthy management of plantation forests.Taking the L.kaempferi forest under the existing typical cultivation modes in the eastern mountainous area of Liaoning Province,such as L.kaempferi-Betula platyphylla strip mixed forest(DZ),L.kaempferi-B.platyphylla-Alnus japonica block mixed forest(KZ)and L.kaempferi pure forest(CK)as the research object,the forest understory shrub-herb composition,diversity,soil nutrient characteristics and the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution and diversity of understory shrub-herb were investigated and analyzed.The result showed that composition of shrub-herb in L.kaempferi forest under different cultivation modes was rich,and the total number was DZ>KZ>CK.The herb layer Simpson diversity index(S_(P)),Pielou community evenness index based on Simpson diversity index(J_(SP)),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(S_(W))and Pielou community evenness index based on Shannon-Wiener diversity index(J SW)showed CK>KZ>DZ,and shrub layer S_(P),J_(SP) andJ_(SW) showed DZ>CK>KZ,but the overall difference was not significant.The soil nutrient content and C∶N,C∶P and N∶P of L.kaempferi forest were different.The soil nutrient was determined by multiplication division method combined with soil element content as DZ>CK>KZ.The main environmental factors that affected the distribution and diversity of shrub-herb in different cultivation modes of L.kaempferi forest were different.Soil nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of herb,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of shrub,volume was the main environmental factor affecting herb diversity,and soil C:N was the main environmental factor affecting shrub diversity.The number of shrub-herb,shrub diversity,soil nutrient conditions and wood accumulation of L.kaempferi-B.platyphylla strip mixed cultivation mode were better than those of the other two cultivation modes.The forest management can be combined with the classification of dominant factors affecting the composition and diversity of L.kaempferi forest in different cultivation modes to coordinate the relationship between shrub-herb diversity,stand factors and soil nutrients,and to promote the healthy and sustainable management of L.kaempferi forest in the eastern mountainous area of Liaoning Province.