何以“等死”:关于上海地区养老机构日常化进程的反思

“Waiting for Death”:Reflection on the Daily Process of Nursing Homes in Shanghai

绝大多数老人认为入住养老机构就是“等死”,这一“常识”与养老机构的日常化进程相关。从民国时期到新中国成立初期再到改革开放前,这一时期的养老机构与孤老、救济、改造有着深刻关联,甚至一度成为阶级斗争的工具。而从改革开放到现在,在政府的主导作用下,社区养老服务得到大力发展,而绝大部分养老机构优先收容的仍是孤寡、失能老人,这进一步加深了人们对机构养老的刻板印象。如何将养老机构真正“日常化”为可见、可感、可用的日常生活的组成部分,是解决老年人消极养老观的关键。

The majority of the elderly believe that living in a nursing home means"waiting for death",and this"common sense"is related to the daily process of nursing homes.From the period of the Republic of China to the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China and before the reform and opening up,nursing homes were deeply associated with the childless elderly,relief and reform and even became a tool of class struggle.From the reform and opening up to the present,under the leadership of the government,the community care services have been vigorously developed,while the vast majority of nursing homes are still giving priority to the childless and disabled elderly,which further deepens the stereotypical image of institutionalized elderly care.The key to solving the problem of the elderly’negative view of institutionalized elderly care is to turn nursing homes into a visible,palpable,and usable part of daily life.