1989-2019年吉林省森林火灾时空动态特征

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics Characteristics of Forest Fires in Jilin Province from 1989 to 2019

以1989-2019年的吉林省森林火灾历史数据为研究对象,从地区和火灾原因等空间角度进行林火灾害分析,以不同时间尺度探讨林火发生次数及受害森林面积。结果表明:吉林省森林火灾多发区域为东部地区的白山市、延边朝鲜族自治州和西部地区的白城市,呈现出“东西部地区高,中部地区低”的森林火灾态势,自2015年起,火灾次数和过火面积均明显降低;东部地区的延边朝鲜族自治州、白山市和通化市,是较大森林火灾的多发地,由于林下可燃物的连年积累,火潜势大,要严防重、特大森林火灾的发生;在春、秋两季防火期,春季是森林火灾的高发期,节假日、开荒种地、农田收割等重要社会活动的发生、开展时段是森林火灾高发时段;祭祀、农事活动和野外吸烟等,极易引发森林火灾,每月12日和21日过火面积相对较大,要重点关注较大森林火灾的发生。掌握林火的发生发展规律及时空动态分布格局,可对吉林省森林草原防灭火提供科学指引。

Taking the historical data of forest fires in Jilin Province from 1989 to 2019 as the research object,the forest fire disaster was analyzed from the spatial perspective of regions and fire causes,and the number of forest fires and the area of damaged forests were explored at different time scales.The results showed that forest fire prone areas in Jilin Province were Baishan City,Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in the eastern region and Baicheng City in the western region.The forest fire showed a trend of"high in the eastern and western regions and low in the central region".Since 2015,the number of fires and burned area had decreased significantly.Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture,Baishan City and Tonghua City in the eastern region were frequent occurrence areas of large forest fires.Due to the accumulation of understory combustibles over years,the fire potential was large,so it was necessary to prevent the occurrence of particularly serious forest fires.In the spring and autumn fire prevention period,spring was the high incidence period of forest fires.The occurrence and development periods of important social activities,such as holidays,land reclamation,and farmland harvesting were the periods of high incidence of forest fires.Sacrifices,farming activities and smoking in the wild easily led to forest fires.On the 12th and 21st of each month,the burned area was relatively large,so the occurrence of larger forest fires should be focused on.Mastering the forest fire occurrence law and the spacetime dynamic distribution pattern could provide scientific guidance for the forest and grassland fire prevention and control in Jilin Province.