基于PAE编码系统笼养黑叶猴的行为谱

PAE Coding System-based Ethogram of Captive Fran?ois' Langurs in Guangxi,China

2019年12月—2020年1月和2020年6—12月,采用瞬时扫描取样法和随机取样法,观察并记录广西梧州黑叶猴珍稀动物繁殖中心笼养条件下17只黑叶猴(Trachypithecus francoisi)(成年雄性猴3只,成年雌性猴8只,亚成年猴1只,少年猴2只,婴幼猴3只)的行为,采用以“姿势—动作—环境”(posture-act-environment,PAE)为轴心,行为生态功能为依据的PAE编码系统,对其行为进行分类,并构建PAE行为谱。共分辨并记录16种姿势、98种动作和87种行为,动作姿势可划归于摄食、排遗、调温、亲密、竞争、聚群、通讯、休息、运动、繁殖、异常和其他共12个行为类别,其中竞争行为产生于同一笼舍内的黑叶猴个体之间,异常行为是笼养条件下黑叶猴为应对人造环境所做出的有别于自然环境下的不正常行为。笼养黑叶猴表现出与野外黑叶猴相似的觅食、休息、移动、饮水、舔食石壁、出洞和入洞等刚性行为,也表现出其他弹性较大的行为,包括聚群、通讯、亲密、繁殖、竞争、异常和其他行为等。黑叶猴表现出较大的弹性行为,可能是有足够的空间去表达这些行为。基于PAE编码系统编制的笼养黑叶猴行为谱在提高该物种的迁地保护和野外行为谱的研究中都具有重要的参考价值。

From December 2019 to January 2020 and June to December 2020,using instantaneous scan sampling and ad-libitum sampling methods,the processes,contents and surrounding environments of behaviors of 17 captive Fran?ois' langurs(Trachypithecus francoisi)(three adult males,eight adult females,one subadult,two juveniles,and three infants) in the Wuzhou Langur Breeding Center,Guangxi were recorded,and the ethogram was established according to the “posture-act-environment”(PAE)coding system,which accounts for posture,act,environment,and ecological function of behaviors.Results showed that 16 postures,98 acts and 87 behaviors were recorded and identified.These observations could be grouped into 12 categories including feeding,egestion,thermo-regulatory,affiliative,agonistic,aggregation,communication,resting,locomotive,reproduction,abnormal and miscellaneous behaviors.Among them,agonistic behavior appeared if more than one individual stayed in the same cage.Abnormal behavior,which was seldom found in natural environment,was adopted by captive Fran?ois' langurs to cope with the artificial environment.Captive langurs showed similar behaviors of inelasticity to wild langur,such as foraging,resting,moving,drinking water,licking rock walls,and exiting and entering caves,and other behaviors of elasticity,including aggregation behavior,communication behavior,affiliative behavior,reproduction behavior,agonistic behavior,abnormal behavior and miscellaneous.Fran?ois' langurs show more elastic behaviors,likely because of large space of the cage.The preparation of the behavior spectrum of captive Fran?ois' langurs based on the PAE coding system is valuable for ex-situ conservation and outdoor behavioral research in the future.