北京首都国际机场鸟击物种鉴定及防控建议

Bird Strike Species Identification,Prevention and Control Recommendations at Beijing Capital International Airport

鸟击是威胁航空安全的重要因素之一,鸟击物种的准确鉴定对机场鸟击防范工作具有重要意义。收集2020年5月—2021年4月北京首都国际机场的鸟击残留物,使用DNA条形码技术对138份鸟击残留物进行鉴定,共鉴定出61个物种。分析发现:鸟击物种以云雀(Alauda arvensis)、金腰燕(Cecropis daurica)和红胁蓝尾鸲(Tarsiger cyanurus)等小型鸟为主;雀形目(Passeriformes)发生鸟击的次数最多,占鸟击总次数的74.64%。此外,鸟击具有季节和时间相关性,首都机场白天(06:00—18:00)和夜间(18:00—次日06:00)的鸟击高峰均发生在10月,且夜间鸟击次数高于白天,这与机场附近的鸟类活动具有一致性。基于研究结果建议:(1)机场要做好鸟击残留物的收集和信息记录,为及时准确鉴定物种提供基础信息。(2)鸟击防范以小型鸟为主,尤其注重秋季鸟类迁徙季的防范工作。(3)加强鸟情监测与生境调查。

Bird strike is a major threat to aviation safety.The residue identification of bird strike is of great significance to prevent bird strikes at airports.138 residues after bird strikes were collected at Beijing Capital International Airport(PEK) from May 2020 to April 2021,and a total of 61 species were identified from 138 residues using DNA barcoding.Results showed that most species are small birds,for example,Alauda arvensis,Cecropis daurica and Tarsiger cyanurus.Passeriformes were the most prone to bird strikes,accounting for 74.64% of the total bird strikes.In addition,bird strike showed variation in time and seasonality.The peak of bird strikes occurred during the daytime(06:00 to 18:00) and at night(18:00 to 06:00) and were in October at Beijing Capital International Airport,and the number of bird strikes at night was greater than that at day time,which was consistent with bird activities near the airport.The recommendations based on the results of this study are as follows:(1) airports should collect and record bird strike residues to provide basic information for species identification in a timely manner;(2) bird strike prevention should focus on small birds,especially on the prevention of bird migration in autumn;and(3) strengthen bird condition monitoring and habitat survey.