《语体文法大纲》“句本位”语法体系价值的再认识

Reunderstanding of the Value of“Sentence-standard”Grammar System in the Outline of Vernacular Grammar

许地山《语体文法大纲》是汉语“句本位”语法体系初建时期的一本语法著作,其语法研究以句子的结构和类型为重点,重视从句法功能角度定义词类,并基于具体的句法环境讨论词法。该书在近代汉语语法学思想体系的转变过程中具有一定的承前启后作用,如使用“先讲句法后讲词法”的教学程序,使用规模较大的图解法分析句子等。作为白话文建设初期普及性语法教学的代表之一,该书内容和编排都服务于教学,有较高的实用性和可接受性。另外,书中还细致挖掘了汉语独特的句法现象,首次提出仂语和子句的区别,明确区分论理句(逻辑句)和文法句,分析了汉语词类标记“所”“地”“底”等字的用法。基于对该著作的研究,本文提出要重视区域语法学史研究,关注具有特殊地域性的语言学家的研究成果。

Xu Dishan’s“Outline of Stylistic Grammar”is a grammar work written during the initial establishment of the Chinese“sentence based”grammar system.Its grammar research focuses on the structure and type of sentences,emphasizes the definition of parts of speech from the perspective of syntactic functions,and discusses morphology based on specific syntactic environments.This book has played a certain role in the transformation of the modern Chinese grammar ideology,such as using a teaching program of“syntax first and vocabulary later”,and using large-scale graphical methods to analyze sentences.As one of the representatives of the early popularization of grammar teaching in the construction of vernacular Chinese,the content and arrangement of this book serve teaching purposes and have high practicality and acceptability.In addition,the book also meticulously explores the unique syntactic phenomena of Chinese,proposing for the first time the distinction between clauses and phrases,clearly distinguishing between logical and grammatical sentences,and analyzing the usage of Chinese word class markers such as“suo”,“di”,and“di”.Based on the research of this work,the article finally proposes to attach importance to the study of regional grammar history and pay attention to the research achievements of linguists with special regional characteristics.