城市空间扩张与雾霾污染关系的实证研究

The Relationship between Urban Spatial Expansion and Haze Pollution:An Empirical Study in China

中国经济发展带来了高速城市化和雾霾污染问题。大量人口集中在城市,这也带来了空气污染、环境问题和传染性疾病。选取2017年中国29个省会城市的雾霾污染数据,采用地理加权回归方法研究了城市空间扩展与雾霾污染的关系。研究结果揭示了一些有趣的现象:大部分城市的空间扩展与雾霾污染呈显著正相关。西南地区、南部沿海地区和长江中游地区的空间扩展对雾霾污染有显著的正向影响。其中,南部沿海城市空间扩展的系数最大,为0.438,其次为西南地区,为0.4104,最后为长江中游,为0.296。此外,北部沿海和黄河中游有两座城市的城市扩展通过了显著性检验,东部沿海、西北地区和东北地区各只有一座城市通过显著性检验,说明这三个区域城市空间扩展对雾霾污染的影响最小。黄河中游的经济发展对雾霾污染有显著的负面影响。南部沿海地区和西南地区城市绿化水平对雾霾污染有显著的负向影响。东北地区、西南地区以及黄河中游的城市居民消费支出对雾霾污染产生负向影响。由此,为了降低中国的雾霾污染,不同地区应该采取不同的对策。

China's economic development has brought about high-speed urbanization and haze pollution problems.Large populations are concentrated in cities,which also brings air pollution,environmental problems and infectious diseases.Based on the haze pollution data of 29 capital cities in China in 2017,the geographically weighted regression method was used to investigate the relationship between urban spatial expansion(USE)and haze.The results of this study reveal some interesting phenomena.The USE in most cities has a significant positive correlation with haze pollution.The USE of cities in the Southwest Region(SW),Southern coast(SC),and Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River(MYTR)have significant positive impacts on the haze in those cities.Among them,the coefficient of spatial expansion of the SC cities is the largest at 0.438,followed by the SW at 0.4104,and finally,the MYTR at 0.296.In addition,the urban expansion of two cities in the Northern coast(NC)and the Middle reaches of the Yellow River(MYR)passed the significance test while only one city in each of the Eastern coast(EC),the Northwest region(NW),and the Northeast region(NE)passed the significance test,indicating that the impacts of the spatial expansion of these three regions on the haze pollution are minimal.The economic development of the MYR has a significant negative impact on the haze.The effect of the urban greening level on haze is significantly negative in the SC and the SW.The impacts of urban consumption expenditures on haze in the NE,SW,and MYR are also negative.These results indicate that to reduce haze pollution,different countermeasures should be taken in the different regions in China.