学校选择时学校优先还是专业优先?——基于匹配理论对考生偏好的分析

College Preference or Major Preference?Analysis of Candidates’Preference Based on Matching Theory

在双边匹配理论中,录取分数线反映了考生对于志愿的偏好。基于这一理论,本文使用2018年参与教育部第四轮学科评估的418所高校87个一级学科在各地区的高考录取分数线和第四轮学科评估结果数据,验证优质生源和优势学科之间是否存在错配现象,并估计考生对于学校和专业的偏好程度。结果显示,考生对于学校的整体偏好强于对专业的偏好,考生在选择学校时首先会考虑学校质量,其次是所在地区,再次是专业类别,最后才是专业质量。

In the theory of two-side matching,the score cutoffs in college admission reflect students preferences.Based on this theory,this paper uses the cutoffs of colleges and majors participating in the fourth round of major evaluation of the Ministry of Education in 2018 to analyze the mismatch between high-quality students and advantageous majors,and to estimate the students preferences.The results show that advantageous majors are weakly correlated with the admission score gap,revealing a significant mismatch between high-achieving students and advantageous majors.University quality,location,major category,and major quality all significantly impact admission scores.Moreover,students prioritize university characteristics over those of the major.In summary,students prioritize university quality first,followed by location,then major category,and finally major quality.