2016—2022年我国煤矿顶板事故统计分析及防治对策

Statistical analysis and countermeasures of coal mine roof accidents from 2016 to 2022

为了客观深入地分析我国煤矿顶板事故的规律和特点,利用数理统计、origin制图、显著性检验和迭代聚类分析等方法,对2016—2022年国家煤矿监察局和煤矿安全网公布的顶板事故资料进行了分析探讨。分析表明:江西、四川、山西三省是顶板事故发生频率最高和死亡人数最多的地区,分别占全国的29.8%和27.1%,应该重点防控;违规冒险作业是导致顶板事故的主要原因,而自然因素则会加剧事故的严重程度;在具体时段方面,交接班及其前后1~2 h顶板事故高发;在时间分布上,3、5—8月份为事故高发月份;中深井和深井采区顶板事故增多且占比超60%,支护方式过时及材料硬度不够造成多起事故发生,自然因素也更为突出,同时需加强管理人员知识学习。应对深部开采下顶板管理高度重视,顺应智能化时代,制定全周期式安全管理制度。

In order to investigate the laws and characteristics of the coal mine roof accidents in China,using mathematical statistics,origin mapping,significance test and iterative cluster analysis,the data of roof accidents published by the National Coal Mine Administration and Coal mine Safety Net from 2016 to 2022 are analyzed and discussed.The analysis shows that:Jiangxi,Sichuan and Shanxi provinces are the areas with the highest frequency of roof accidents and the highest number of deaths,accounting for 29.8%and 27.1%of the country,respectively,and which are the key areas of the accidents prevention and control;illegal risky operation is the main cause of roof accidents,and natural factors will aggravate the accidents.In terms of specific time period,the roof accidents are more likely to happen frequent in 1-2 hours before and after the shift.In terms of time distribution,March and May to August are the months with high incidence of accidents.The accidents number in the mining districts of mid-deep mines and deep mines has increased and accounted for more than 60%.The outdated support method and insufficient material hardness have caused many accidents,and the natural factors are more prominent.It is also necessary to strengthen the knowledge learning of management personnel.Coal mines should attach great importance to the roof management under deep mining,adapt to the intelligent era,and develop a full-cycle safety management system.