中国制造业高质量发展:逻辑、路径、政策

High-quality Development of Manufacturing Industry:Logic, Path, Policy

为应对外部风险挑战提供有力保障,制造业高质量发展是中国式现代化道路的必然选择。改革开放四十多年来,中国制造业发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,这背后中国制造业的传统竞争优势主要体现在规模优势、成本优势、后发优势三个方面。但随着内部人口结构变化、要素成本上升、外部环境日趋复杂,传统优势绝对水平依然存在但相对领先幅度逐步缩小,未来需要探索新路径形成新的比较优势。未来,中国制造业高质量发展的路径体现在以数字化、智能化、绿色化为方向,以自主创新能力体系完善为动力,以产业链供应链安全稳定为基础,以大中小优质企业梯度发展为格局,以制造业高效融合服务业为协同。建议未来政策重点关注四个方向:一是强化关键领域产业政策,二是用好金融服务支持科技创新,三是构建统一大市场挖掘规模经济潜力,四是以高水平对外开放推动新发展机遇。

Manufacturing industry provides a strong guarantee for coping with external risks and challenges.Therefore,the high-quality development of manufacturing industry is an inevitable choice on Chinese path to modernization.Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the development of China s manufacturing industry has made remarkable achievements,behind which are the traditional competitive advantages of China s manufacturing industry mainly including the scale advantage,cost advantage and latecomer advantage.However,since the cost of factors increases along with changes of the internal demographic structure and the external environment becomes increasingly complex,the relative competitive advantage of China s manufacturing industry is gradually shrinking although the absolute advantage still exists.It is necessary to explore new paths to form new comparative advantages in the future.We believe that the high-quality development of China s manufacturing industry in the future is oriented towards digitalization,intelligence,and greening,and is driven by the improvement of the system of independent innovation capability.The security and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain are the foundation of high-quality development.The manufacturing industry will build a pattern of gradient development of large,medium and small high-quality enterprises,and effectively integrate the service industry for synergistic development.Therefore,we suggest that future policies focus on strengthening industrial policies in key areas,making good use of financial services to support technological innovation,building a unified market to tap the potential of economies of scale and promoting new development opportunities through a high level of opening up.