油气管道全生命周期质量管控与安全管理探讨

Quality control and safety management of oil and gas pipelines during its whole life cycle

以油气管道建设期质量提升为基础,聚焦管道全生命周期质量管控,梳理了中国油气管道质量管理发展历程和技术变革。以“八三”管道建设为开端,中国长输油气管道建设历经了4次大的跨越式发展,逐步形成“纵贯南北、横跨东西、覆盖全国、连接海外”的油气战略通道新格局。随着自动化、智能化技术应用越来越广泛,油气管道建设水平与工程质量明显提升;随着全生命周期风险评价、监测检测、完整性评价等完整性管理技术的成熟应用,油气管道运行风险得到有效管控;随着焊接技术水平与施工质量的提升、数字化技术的推广应用、全生命周期完整性技术体系的完善、高钢级管道失效机理的突破,油气管道全生命周期本质安全及质量、安全管理水平得到有效改善。分析了油气管道建设质量与运行安全面临的挑战,结合当前油气管道全生命周期环焊缝问题致因、全自动焊接及性能提升等关键质量控制要素,讨论了质量、风险与安全在油气管道全生命周期的相互承接与支撑保障中的逻辑关系。结合中俄东线天然气管道工程建设与运行实践,分析了质量控制、风险识别与安全管理的本质关系,提出“质量控制为基础,全要素管理为核心,增强全生命周期抗风险能力”的建设质量与运行安全新模式。综合“工业互联网+”和数字化技术应用,展望了油气管道质量控制与安全管理的技术方向。

The development history and technical change of oil and gas pipeline quality management in China were reviewed focusing on pipeline quality control in the whole life cycle, on the basis of quality improvement of oil and gas pipelines in the construction period. Starting with the construction of the “8.3” pipeline, China's long-distance oil and gas pipeline construction has undergone four major stages of leap-forward development, forming a new pattern of oil and gas strategic channels “running north-south, crossing east-west, covering the whole country and connecting overseas”. With the extensive application of automatic and intelligent technologies, the construction level and engineering quality of pipelines have been significantly improved. With the mature application of whole life cycle risk assessment, monitoring and inspection, integrity evaluation and other integrity management technologies, the operational risks of pipelines have been effectively controlled. With the improvement of welding technology and construction quality, the promotion and application of digital technology, the improvement of the whole life cycle integrity technology system, and the breakthrough in the failure mechanism of high-grade steel pipelines, the intrinsic safety and the quality and safety management level of oil and gas pipeline in the whole life cycle have been effectively improved. Besides, analysis was conducted on the challenges faced by the construction quality and operation safety of oil and gas pipelines. In addition, the logical relationship of mutual undertaking and support between quality, risk and safety of pipelines in the whole life cycle was discussed, by considering the key quality control factors, such as the causes of girth weld defects, full-automatic welding and performance improvement. Moreover, the essential relationship among quality control,risk identification and safety management was analyzed based on the construction and operation practice of the China-Russia Eastern Gas Pipeline.Then, a new construction quality and operation safety model with “quality control as the basis, total-factor management as the core and enhanced whole life cycle risk resistance” was put forward. Finally, the technical direction of quality control and safety management of oil and gas pipelines was prospected based on the application of “Industrial Internet +” and digital technology.