运动相关肾损伤的发病机制及防治措施

Pathogenesis and prevention of exercise-related kidney injury

剧烈运动可导致急性肾损伤,危险因素包括运动后机体脱水状态、体温升高以及大量含糖饮料摄入等,可能的机制为在各种危险因素诱导下,机体或肾脏本身发生炎性反应、代谢产物蓄积对肾脏结构和功能造成损伤等。机体反复多次暴露于上述危险因素下不仅增加急性肾损伤的发生风险,还可能导致慢性肾脏病。该文从运动相关肾损伤的定义、流行病学、临床表现、发病机制及防治措施方面进行综述,以期为制订合适的运动方案提供指导。

The risk factors of acute kidney injury caused by strenuous exercise include dehydration of the body,elevated body temperature,and intake of large amounts of sugary drinks after exercise,etc.The possible mechanism of the injury may be the inflammatory reaction of the body or the kidney itself,and the accumulation of various metabolites causing damage to the structure and function of the kidney under the induction of various risk factors.Repeated exposure to those risk factors not only increase the risk of acute kidney disease,but also may lead to chronic kidney disease.The paper reviews the definition,epidemiology,clinical manifestations,pathogenesis,and prevention measures of exercise-related kidney injury,to provide guidance for the formulation of appropriate exercise programs.