中低速范围永磁同步电机无位置传感器转速控制研究

Research on Sensorless Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Medium and Low Speed Range

永磁同步电机需获取转子实时位置信息进行调速,传统的机械式传感器须安装在电机内部,不仅增加电机本体体积和系统的复杂性,并且提高了生产制造成本。永磁同步电机无位置传感器检测技术通过对电机电信号进行检测并推算出转子的位置信息,一定程度上提升了电机的调速性能。然而,由于电机在低速时的电信号幅值较小,导致对基频信号依赖性较强的一类无传感算法在估测转子位置时精度不高。因此,这里提出了一种改进型滑模观测器(SMO)算法,该方式无需传感器的植入,在估测转子位置同时进行容错控制,提高了永磁同步电机运行的稳定性和鲁棒性。论文通过MATLAB/Simulink对述及的方法进行数值模拟分析,并建立相应的实验装置进行验证。仿真与实验结果表明改进后的SMO在永磁同步电机中低速下时具备较好的调速性能。

Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)needs to obtain real-time rotor position information for speed regulation.Traditional mechanical sensors must be installed inside the motor,which not only increases the volume of the motor body and the complexity of the system,but also increases the production cost.The sensorless detection technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor improves the speed regulation performance of the motor to a certain extent by detecting the electrical signal of the motor and calculating the position information of the rotor.However,due to the small amplitude of the electrical signal of the motor at low speed,the accuracy of the sensorless algorithm which is highly dependent on the fundamental frequency signal is not high.Therefore,an improved sliding mode observer(SMO)algorithm is proposed,which can estimate the rotor position without sensor implantation and implement fault-tolerant control,thus improving the stability and robustness of PMSM.The numerical simulation method is established and verified by Matlab/Simulink.The simulation and experimental results show that the improved SMO has better speed regulation performance at medium and low speed.